CVE-2025-12605 identifies a SQL injection vulnerability in the itsourcecode Online Loan Management System version 1.0, located in the /manage_loan.php script. The vulnerability is triggered by manipulation of the 'ID' parameter, which is not properly sanitized or parameterized, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to execute unauthorized SQL queries on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing the attack surface. The vulnerability could be exploited to extract sensitive loan data, modify records, or disrupt the loan management process, potentially compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and partial impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). Although no active exploits are reported in the wild, the public disclosure of exploit code raises the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The lack of official patches or updates necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations. Given the critical nature of loan management systems in financial operations, exploitation could lead to financial fraud, data breaches, and regulatory compliance issues.

For European organizations, especially financial institutions and loan service providers using the itsourcecode Online Loan Management System, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer and loan data, undermining confidentiality and potentially violating GDPR requirements. Integrity of loan records could be compromised, leading to fraudulent transactions or erroneous loan processing. Availability could also be affected if attackers manipulate database queries to disrupt service operations. The financial sector's reliance on accurate and secure loan management amplifies the potential operational and reputational damage. Additionally, given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit, attackers could launch widespread automated attacks, increasing the threat landscape. European organizations may face regulatory penalties and loss of customer trust if breaches occur due to this vulnerability.

Organizations should immediately implement strict input validation and sanitization on the 'ID' parameter within /manage_loan.php to prevent SQL injection. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements is critical to eliminate injection vectors. If possible, upgrade or patch the Online Loan Management System to a version where this vulnerability is fixed; if no official patch exists, consider applying custom fixes or isolating the vulnerable component. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting SQL injection patterns to provide an additional defensive layer. Monitor logs for suspicious database queries or repeated access attempts to /manage_loan.php. Restrict database permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Finally, ensure regular backups of loan data to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss.