CVE-2025-15177 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The flaw exists in the HTTP request handler component, specifically in the /goform/SetIpBind endpoint. The vulnerability is triggered by manipulating the 'page' argument in the HTTP request, which leads to a stack overflow condition. This type of vulnerability can allow an attacker to overwrite the stack memory, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution or causing a denial of service. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without user interaction, but requires high privileges, indicating that the attacker must have some level of authenticated access or elevated rights on the device. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H, I:H, A:H). Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The affected product, Tenda WH450, is a consumer and small business router, which may be deployed in various organizational environments. The vulnerability could be leveraged to gain control over the router, intercept or manipulate network traffic, disrupt network services, or pivot to internal networks.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those relying on Tenda WH450 routers in their network infrastructure. Successful exploitation can lead to full compromise of the router, allowing attackers to intercept sensitive data, manipulate network traffic, or disrupt availability of network services. This can affect confidentiality by exposing internal communications, integrity by altering data flows or configurations, and availability by causing device crashes or network outages. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk due to the sensitive nature of their data and the potential for operational disruption. Furthermore, compromised routers can serve as footholds for further attacks within the network, increasing the overall risk posture. The remote exploitability without user interaction means attackers can target devices over the internet or internal networks, increasing the attack surface. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for mitigation, but the public availability of exploit code necessitates urgent action.

1. Immediate firmware update: Organizations should monitor Tenda's official channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-15177 and apply them promptly once available. 2. Network segmentation: Isolate Tenda WH450 devices from critical network segments to limit potential lateral movement if compromised. 3. Access control: Restrict management interface access to trusted IP addresses and disable remote management where possible. 4. Web request filtering: Deploy web application firewalls or intrusion prevention systems to detect and block malformed HTTP requests targeting /goform/SetIpBind. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging on routers and network devices to detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Device replacement: For environments where patching is delayed or unsupported, consider replacing vulnerable Tenda WH450 devices with more secure alternatives. 7. User privilege management: Limit administrative privileges on devices to reduce the risk of privilege escalation. 8. Incident response readiness: Prepare response plans for potential exploitation scenarios involving router compromise.