CVE-2025-23288 is a vulnerability identified in NVIDIA GPU Display Drivers for Windows, specifically affecting versions R535, R570, and R575. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-497, which pertains to the exposure of sensitive information to unauthorized actors. In this case, an attacker with local unprivileged system access can exploit the flaw to gain access to sensitive system information. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low complexity of attack, but it does require the attacker to have some level of local access with limited privileges. The impact is limited to confidentiality, as the vulnerability allows information disclosure without affecting system integrity or availability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 3.3, reflecting a low severity level. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. This vulnerability could be leveraged as a stepping stone for further attacks if the disclosed information aids in privilege escalation or lateral movement within a compromised environment. The affected NVIDIA drivers are widely used in various professional and consumer Windows environments, making the vulnerability relevant to a broad user base.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-23288 is the potential leakage of sensitive system information on machines running the affected NVIDIA GPU drivers. This could include details that facilitate further exploitation or reconnaissance by attackers. While the vulnerability itself does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the disclosed information could be used to craft more targeted attacks, especially in environments where NVIDIA GPUs are deployed in workstations, servers, or high-performance computing clusters. Organizations in sectors such as finance, research, and manufacturing that rely on GPU-accelerated computing might be at higher risk. The requirement for local unprivileged access limits the threat to scenarios where an attacker has already gained some foothold, such as through phishing or insider threats. However, the widespread use of NVIDIA GPUs in European enterprises and institutions means that the vulnerability could be a vector for lateral movement or privilege escalation if combined with other vulnerabilities or attack techniques.

To mitigate this vulnerability effectively, European organizations should: 1) Monitor and inventory all systems running NVIDIA GPU Display Drivers, focusing on versions R535, R570, and R575. 2) Apply vendor patches promptly once they become available; in the absence of patches, consider rolling back to earlier, unaffected driver versions if feasible. 3) Restrict local access to systems with affected drivers by enforcing strict access controls, including limiting user privileges and implementing robust endpoint security solutions. 4) Employ application whitelisting and behavior monitoring to detect unusual local activity that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5) Conduct regular security awareness training to reduce the risk of initial compromise that could lead to local access. 6) Use network segmentation to isolate critical systems with GPU drivers, minimizing the risk of lateral movement. 7) Maintain up-to-date threat intelligence to identify any emerging exploits targeting this vulnerability.