CVE-2025-28963 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in the Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener product, affecting versions up to 3.0.7. SSRF vulnerabilities occur when an attacker can manipulate a server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary domains or internal systems, potentially bypassing network access controls. In this case, the URL Shortener service improperly validates or sanitizes user-supplied URLs, allowing an attacker to craft malicious requests that the server executes. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-918, which pertains to SSRF issues. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.4 (medium severity), with the vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and a scope change (S:C) affecting confidentiality and integrity with no impact on availability. This means an attacker can remotely exploit the vulnerability without authentication or user interaction, but the attack requires specific conditions or knowledge to succeed. The impact primarily involves limited confidentiality and integrity loss, such as unauthorized internal resource access or data leakage. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in March 2025 and published in July 2025, indicating it is a recent discovery. The lack of patch links suggests that organizations using this URL Shortener should be cautious and monitor for updates. SSRF vulnerabilities are often leveraged to access internal services, metadata endpoints, or perform port scanning from the vulnerable server's perspective, which can lead to further compromise if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

For European organizations, the impact of this SSRF vulnerability depends on the deployment of the Md Yeasin Ul Haider URL Shortener within their infrastructure. If used, attackers could exploit this flaw to access internal network resources that are otherwise inaccessible externally, potentially exposing sensitive internal services, configuration data, or private APIs. This could lead to unauthorized data disclosure or manipulation, undermining confidentiality and integrity. Given the medium severity and the requirement for high attack complexity, the immediate risk might be moderate; however, SSRF can be a stepping stone for more severe attacks, especially in complex enterprise environments. Organizations handling sensitive personal data under GDPR could face compliance risks if internal data is exposed. Additionally, SSRF could be used to probe internal networks for further vulnerabilities, increasing the attack surface. The lack of authentication requirement means any external attacker can attempt exploitation, increasing exposure. European entities with strict network segmentation and robust internal access controls may mitigate some risks, but those with less mature security postures could be more vulnerable.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting or validating all user-supplied URLs in the URL Shortener service to ensure they do not point to internal or sensitive network resources. Implement allowlists for acceptable domains and reject or sanitize inputs that attempt to access private IP ranges (e.g., 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 127.0.0.0/8). 2. Employ network-level controls such as egress filtering on the server hosting the URL Shortener to prevent outbound requests to internal IP ranges or sensitive endpoints. 3. Monitor logs for unusual outbound requests initiated by the URL Shortener service to detect potential exploitation attempts. 4. Apply strict access controls and segmentation to internal services to minimize the impact if SSRF is exploited. 5. Stay alert for official patches or updates from the vendor or community and apply them promptly once available. 6. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting SSRF patterns to block suspicious requests. 7. Conduct security assessments and penetration testing focusing on SSRF vectors in the URL Shortener environment to identify and remediate weaknesses proactively.