CVE-2025-32062 is a critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-121, discovered in the Bluetooth stack developed by Alps Alpine integrated into Bosch Infotainment system ECUs. The flaw stems from inadequate boundary checks on user-supplied data packets received over the upper layer L2CAP channel, a protocol used for multiplexing data between Bluetooth devices. When a specially crafted packet is sent to the vulnerable ECU, it triggers a buffer overflow on the stack, enabling an attacker to overwrite return addresses or control data, leading to arbitrary code execution with root privileges. This vulnerability does not require prior authentication or user interaction, making remote exploitation feasible if the attacker is within Bluetooth range. The initial identification was on the Nissan Leaf ZE1 model from 2020, indicating that vehicles using this Bosch ECU and Alps Alpine Bluetooth stack are at risk. The CVSS v3.1 score of 8.8 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no privileges required. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant threat vector for attackers targeting automotive systems. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to manipulate infotainment functions, potentially pivot to other vehicle systems, or disrupt vehicle operations. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting underscores the urgency for affected vendors and users to implement interim mitigations and monitor for updates.

For European organizations, particularly automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and fleet operators, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk. Compromise of the infotainment ECU could lead to unauthorized access to vehicle systems, data leakage, and potential manipulation of vehicle functions. This threatens driver safety, privacy, and operational continuity. Given the increasing integration of infotainment systems with critical vehicle controls and telematics, exploitation could serve as a foothold for broader attacks on vehicle networks. The impact extends to automotive service providers and connected infrastructure relying on secure vehicle communications. Additionally, reputational damage and regulatory consequences under GDPR and automotive safety standards could arise from breaches. The vulnerability's remote exploitability without user interaction increases the attack surface, especially in urban European environments with dense Bluetooth device usage. Organizations managing electric vehicle fleets or involved in automotive cybersecurity must prioritize risk assessment and mitigation to prevent potential disruptions and safety incidents.

1. Immediate application of official patches or firmware updates from Bosch and automotive OEMs once released is critical. 2. Until patches are available, disable or restrict Bluetooth functionality in affected vehicles where feasible, especially in high-risk environments. 3. Implement network segmentation within vehicle systems to isolate infotainment ECUs from critical control units, limiting lateral movement. 4. Deploy anomaly detection systems to monitor Bluetooth traffic for malformed or suspicious packets targeting L2CAP channels. 5. Conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing on vehicle infotainment systems to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. 6. Collaborate with suppliers like Alps Alpine and Bosch to ensure secure coding practices and boundary validations in Bluetooth stacks. 7. Educate vehicle users and fleet operators on minimizing Bluetooth exposure and recognizing signs of compromise. 8. Establish incident response plans tailored to automotive cybersecurity incidents involving infotainment systems. 9. Engage with European automotive cybersecurity information sharing groups to stay informed on emerging threats and mitigations. 10. Consider hardware-level protections such as secure boot and runtime integrity checks to reduce exploitation impact.