CVE-2025-43277 is a memory corruption vulnerability in Apple macOS and other Apple operating systems including iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS. The vulnerability arises when the system processes a maliciously crafted audio file. Specifically, improper memory handling during audio file processing can lead to memory corruption, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, cause a denial of service, or escalate privileges. The issue has been addressed by Apple through improved memory handling in the respective OS versions: iOS 18.6, iPadOS 18.6, watchOS 11.6, macOS Sequoia 15.6, tvOS 18.6, and visionOS 2.6. The affected versions prior to these updates are unspecified, but the vulnerability is present in macOS and other Apple platforms before these patches. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no CVSS score has been assigned. The vulnerability is significant because audio files are commonly received and processed by users, often without suspicion, making this an attractive vector for attackers to deliver malicious payloads. Exploitation likely requires the victim to open or process the malicious audio file, which may be delivered via email, messaging, or web downloads. The lack of a CVSS score requires an assessment based on the potential impact and exploitation complexity. Given that memory corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution and that the attack vector involves user interaction (opening a file), the vulnerability is serious but not trivially exploitable without user action.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to those using Apple macOS and other Apple devices in their IT environments. The potential impact includes unauthorized code execution, which could lead to data breaches, system compromise, or disruption of services. Organizations in sectors with high reliance on Apple devices, such as creative industries, education, and certain government agencies, may be particularly vulnerable. The exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security controls, install persistent malware, or exfiltrate sensitive information. Given the widespread use of Apple devices in Europe, especially in countries with high technology adoption rates, the vulnerability could affect a broad range of users. Additionally, the potential for targeted attacks using crafted audio files could be leveraged in spear-phishing campaigns against European enterprises. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits following public disclosure.

European organizations should prioritize updating all Apple devices to the patched versions: macOS Sequoia 15.6, iOS 18.6, iPadOS 18.6, watchOS 11.6, tvOS 18.6, and visionOS 2.6. Beyond patching, organizations should implement strict email and file scanning policies to detect and block malicious audio files. Deploy endpoint protection solutions capable of behavioral analysis to detect exploitation attempts. User awareness training should emphasize caution when opening unsolicited or unexpected audio files, especially from unknown sources. Network segmentation can limit the spread of any compromise resulting from exploitation. Additionally, organizations should monitor logs and endpoint telemetry for signs of memory corruption or unusual audio file processing activities. Employing application whitelisting and restricting execution privileges on user devices can further reduce exploitation risk. Finally, maintaining regular backups and incident response readiness will help mitigate impact if exploitation occurs.