CVE-2025-43277 is a memory corruption vulnerability in Apple macOS discovered in 2025, caused by improper memory handling when processing specially crafted audio files. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-119, indicating a classic buffer or memory handling error that can lead to arbitrary code execution or system compromise. Exploitation requires a local attacker to convince a user to open or process a malicious audio file, which triggers the memory corruption. The impact includes potential full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system, as the attacker could execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user. The vulnerability affects unspecified versions of macOS prior to the release of macOS Sonoma 14.8, where Apple addressed the issue by improving memory handling routines. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No public exploits or active exploitation have been reported yet, but the potential impact warrants immediate attention. The vulnerability is particularly concerning for environments where macOS devices are used to process audio files from untrusted sources, such as media companies, creative industries, and enterprises with BYOD policies. The flaw highlights the importance of robust input validation and memory safety in multimedia processing components.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Apple macOS devices in both corporate and creative sectors. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to steal sensitive data, disrupt operations, or deploy further malware. Industries such as media production, financial services, and government agencies that handle sensitive audio data or rely on macOS for critical workflows are particularly vulnerable. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious audio files, increasing the attack surface. Additionally, organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices may face increased exposure. The potential for full system compromise could lead to data breaches, intellectual property theft, and operational downtime, impacting compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often develop exploits rapidly after vulnerability disclosure.

European organizations should prioritize upgrading all macOS devices to version 14.8 (Sonoma) or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Implement strict controls on the handling of audio files from untrusted or unknown sources, including disabling automatic processing or previewing of audio files in email clients and messaging platforms. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior related to audio file processing. Conduct user awareness training focused on the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious audio files, emphasizing the need for caution with email attachments and downloads. Network segmentation and application whitelisting can limit the impact of a successful exploit by restricting execution of unauthorized code. Regularly audit and inventory macOS devices to ensure compliance with patch management policies. For organizations with high-risk profiles, consider deploying additional monitoring for memory corruption indicators and unusual process activity related to audio processing applications. Collaborate with Apple support channels for guidance and updates on vulnerability management.