CVE-2025-43327 is a vulnerability identified in Apple Safari that allows an attacker to perform address bar spoofing by exploiting flaws in how the browser renders or updates the URL displayed to the user. This vulnerability falls under CWE-451 (Incorrect Resolution of URI Reference), where the browser incorrectly displays the URL, making it possible for malicious websites to present a deceptive address bar. An attacker can craft a malicious webpage that, when visited, causes Safari to display a URL different from the actual site, misleading users into believing they are on a legitimate or trusted domain. This can facilitate phishing attacks, credential theft, or delivery of further malware by exploiting user trust. The vulnerability requires no privileges or user interaction beyond visiting the malicious page, making it relatively easy to exploit remotely. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and impacts on confidentiality and integrity but not availability. Apple fixed this issue in Safari 26 and macOS Tahoe 26 by implementing additional logic to correctly handle URL rendering and prevent spoofing. No public exploits have been reported, but the potential for phishing and social engineering attacks remains significant. Organizations relying on Safari for web access should update promptly and educate users about the risks of address bar spoofing.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to confidentiality and integrity by enabling attackers to deceive users about the authenticity of websites they visit. This can lead to successful phishing campaigns, credential harvesting, and potential unauthorized access to sensitive systems or data. Financial institutions, government agencies, and enterprises with high-value targets are particularly at risk due to the potential for targeted phishing attacks leveraging this spoofing technique. The lack of required user interaction beyond visiting a malicious site increases the threat level, especially in environments where Safari is widely used. Although availability is not impacted, the indirect consequences of compromised credentials or data breaches can be severe. Organizations with employees using Safari on macOS or iOS devices must consider this vulnerability in their threat models and incident response plans. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation.

1. Immediate patching: Ensure all Safari browsers are updated to version 26 or later, and macOS systems are updated to Tahoe 26 or later, as these versions contain the fix for this vulnerability. 2. Device management: Use enterprise mobile device management (MDM) solutions to enforce browser updates and monitor compliance across all Apple devices. 3. User education: Conduct targeted training to raise awareness about address bar spoofing and phishing risks, emphasizing caution when clicking links or entering credentials. 4. Network controls: Implement web filtering and DNS security solutions to block access to known malicious domains and suspicious URLs. 5. Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Enforce MFA on critical systems and services to reduce the impact of credential theft resulting from phishing. 6. Monitoring and detection: Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to identify suspicious browser behaviors or phishing attempts. 7. Incident response readiness: Prepare playbooks for phishing and spoofing incidents, including rapid revocation of compromised credentials and user notifications. These measures, combined with timely patching, will significantly reduce the risk posed by this vulnerability.