CVE-2025-43812 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79 that affects multiple versions of Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP, specifically versions 7.4.3.4 through 7.4.3.111 and various 2023 Q3 and Q4 releases. The vulnerability arises from insufficient sanitization of user input in the Name text field of web content structures within the portal's web content template functionality. Remote authenticated users can exploit this flaw by injecting crafted HTML or JavaScript payloads, which are then rendered in the context of the victim's browser. This can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions performed with the victim's privileges. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L means privileges are required but low), user interaction required (UI:A), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:N). No public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability's presence in widely used enterprise portal software makes it a concern. The flaw specifically affects authenticated users, which limits exposure but still poses a risk in environments where many users have portal access. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in September 2025, with no patches currently linked, indicating that remediation may be pending or in progress.

For European organizations, this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized script execution within the context of the Liferay Portal, potentially compromising user sessions and allowing attackers to perform actions on behalf of legitimate users. This is particularly impactful for organizations relying on Liferay for customer portals, intranets, or public-facing websites, where user trust and data confidentiality are paramount. Exploitation could result in data leakage, defacement, or unauthorized transactions, undermining organizational reputation and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. The requirement for authentication reduces the risk from external anonymous attackers but does not eliminate insider threats or risks from compromised accounts. Given Liferay's adoption in sectors like government, finance, and telecommunications across Europe, the vulnerability could affect critical services and sensitive data. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not preclude future exploitation once details become widespread.

Organizations should monitor Liferay's official channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-43812 and apply them promptly upon release. In the interim, restrict the ability to create or modify web content structures to trusted administrators only, minimizing the number of users who can inject malicious payloads. Implement strict input validation and output encoding on the Name text field to prevent script injection, potentially using web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules targeting suspicious payloads. Conduct regular security training to raise awareness about the risks of XSS and the importance of cautious content management. Review user roles and permissions to enforce the principle of least privilege, ensuring that only necessary users have content editing rights. Additionally, enable Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the impact of any injected scripts by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded. Finally, perform regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on web content management features to detect similar vulnerabilities proactively.