CVE-2025-46397 is a classic buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the xfig software, a vector graphics editor commonly used on Unix-like systems. The flaw resides in the bezier_spline function, where input data is copied into a buffer without verifying the size of the input, leading to a buffer overflow condition. This unchecked buffer copy can be exploited by a local attacker with limited privileges to overwrite memory, potentially allowing arbitrary code execution. The vulnerability requires local access and low privileges (PR:L), does not require user interaction (UI:N), and has low attack complexity (AC:L). The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component or user privileges. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no public exploits are known at this time, the nature of the vulnerability makes it a significant risk for environments where xfig is installed and used. The vulnerability was published on April 23, 2025, and is currently unpatched, with no vendor or patch information available yet. The flaw is particularly concerning because xfig is often used in academic, engineering, and graphical design contexts, where local users may have access to the system. Exploitation could lead to privilege escalation or system compromise, especially if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-46397 could be substantial in sectors relying on Unix-like systems with xfig installed, such as universities, research institutions, engineering firms, and graphic design companies. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, allowing attackers to gain elevated privileges, access sensitive data, or disrupt services. This threatens confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Since the vulnerability requires local access, insider threats or compromised user accounts pose the greatest risk. The lack of known public exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, as attackers may develop exploits rapidly. Organizations with lax local access controls or shared workstations are particularly vulnerable. The potential for system compromise could also affect supply chain security if xfig is used in development or documentation processes. Overall, the vulnerability could lead to data breaches, operational disruption, and reputational damage if exploited.

1. Monitor official channels for patches or updates from xfig maintainers and apply them promptly once available. 2. Restrict local access to systems running xfig to trusted users only, enforcing strict user account management and least privilege principles. 3. Employ memory protection mechanisms such as Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and stack canaries to mitigate exploitation impact. 4. Use application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Conduct regular audits of installed software to identify and remove unnecessary or outdated applications like xfig if not required. 6. Educate users about the risks of running untrusted local code and enforce policies to prevent execution of unauthorized binaries. 7. Consider containerization or sandboxing of graphical applications to limit potential damage from exploitation. 8. Implement robust logging and monitoring to detect suspicious local activity early.