CVE-2025-47411 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management) affecting Apache StreamPipes, an open-source project by the Apache Software Foundation used for real-time data analytics and processing. The flaw resides in the user ID creation mechanism, where a non-administrator user can manipulate JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) to swap their username with that of an administrator. This manipulation bypasses normal privilege checks, granting the attacker administrative control over the application. With administrative privileges, the attacker can perform unauthorized actions such as modifying or tampering with data streams, altering configurations, and potentially disrupting data processing workflows. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network without user interaction and requires only low privileges initially, making it relatively easy to exploit. The issue affects all Apache StreamPipes versions up to 0.97.0 and is resolved in version 0.98.0. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 reflects the high confidentiality and integrity impact, with no impact on availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability’s nature makes it a critical risk if left unpatched.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those relying on Apache StreamPipes for industrial data analytics, IoT data processing, and real-time event handling. Unauthorized administrative access can lead to data integrity violations, unauthorized data disclosure, and potential sabotage of critical data pipelines. This can affect sectors such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and smart city infrastructure where Apache StreamPipes might be deployed. The compromise of administrative accounts can also facilitate lateral movement within networks, increasing the risk of broader system compromise. Given the network-exploitable nature and lack of required user interaction, the vulnerability poses a high risk to operational continuity and data security in European enterprises and public sector organizations.

The primary mitigation is to upgrade Apache StreamPipes to version 0.98.0 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. Organizations should audit their current deployments to identify affected versions and prioritize patching. In addition, implement strict network segmentation to limit access to the StreamPipes management interfaces, restricting them to trusted internal networks or VPNs. Employ strong authentication mechanisms and monitor JWT token usage for anomalies. Regularly review user privileges and remove unnecessary accounts with elevated rights. Deploy runtime application self-protection (RASP) or Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) that can detect and block suspicious JWT manipulation attempts. Finally, maintain comprehensive logging and alerting on administrative actions within StreamPipes to quickly identify potential exploitation attempts.