CVE-2025-49958 is a reflected Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Robokassa payment gateway plugin for WooCommerce, affecting all versions up to and including 1.8.1. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of user-supplied input during the generation of web pages, which allows attackers to inject malicious JavaScript code that is reflected back to the user’s browser. This type of XSS is classified as reflected because the malicious payload is part of the request and immediately reflected in the response without proper sanitization or encoding. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or privileges to exploit, but it does require user interaction, such as clicking on a crafted URL containing the malicious payload. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.1, indicating a high severity level, with attack vector being network (remote), low attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required, and a scope change. The impact includes partial loss of confidentiality (e.g., theft of cookies or session tokens), integrity (e.g., manipulation of payment information or transaction details), and availability (e.g., disruption of payment processes). Although no exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of WooCommerce in e-commerce and the critical nature of payment gateways. The vulnerability was reserved in June 2025 and published in October 2025, with no official patches currently available, emphasizing the need for immediate mitigation measures by affected users.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to e-commerce platforms using WooCommerce integrated with the Robokassa payment gateway. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer data, including payment information and session credentials, potentially resulting in financial fraud and reputational damage. The integrity of payment transactions could be compromised, allowing attackers to manipulate transaction details or redirect payments. Availability of the payment service could also be affected, disrupting business operations and customer trust. Given the critical role of payment gateways in online commerce, successful exploitation could lead to regulatory non-compliance issues under GDPR due to data breaches. The reflected XSS nature means phishing campaigns could be used to lure users into executing malicious scripts, increasing the attack surface. Organizations with significant online sales volumes and customer bases in Europe are particularly vulnerable to financial and operational impacts.

1. Immediate mitigation should include implementing strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data within the Robokassa plugin, especially in URL parameters and form inputs that are reflected in responses. 2. Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. 3. Educate users and administrators about the risks of clicking on suspicious links and encourage vigilance against phishing attempts. 4. Monitor web server and application logs for unusual request patterns that may indicate attempted exploitation. 5. Temporarily disable or replace the Robokassa payment gateway plugin with alternative payment solutions until an official patch is released. 6. Keep WooCommerce and all related plugins updated to the latest versions and subscribe to vendor security advisories for timely patch deployment. 7. Use web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block reflected XSS attack patterns targeting the payment gateway endpoints. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on payment processing components to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.