CVE-2025-50201 is a critical OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting the WeGIA web management software developed by LabRedesCefetRJ, specifically versions prior to 3.4.2. WeGIA is designed to manage charitable institutions, and the vulnerability resides in the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint. The flaw stems from improper sanitization of the 'branch' parameter, which is directly concatenated into a shell command executed on the server. This lack of input validation allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands that execute with the privileges of the web server user (commonly www-data). Given that no authentication or user interaction is required, exploitation can be performed remotely by simply sending crafted requests to the vulnerable endpoint. The impact of successful exploitation includes full compromise of the affected server's confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Attackers could execute arbitrary commands to read sensitive data, modify or delete files, pivot within the network, or deploy malware. The vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8 (critical), reflecting its high severity due to network attack vector, no required privileges or user interaction, and complete compromise potential. Although no known exploits in the wild have been reported yet, the simplicity of exploitation and critical impact make this a high-risk vulnerability. The issue was patched in WeGIA version 3.4.2, and users are strongly advised to upgrade immediately to mitigate risk. The root cause is a classic CWE-78 OS Command Injection resulting from unsafe concatenation of user input into shell commands without proper neutralization or sanitization, a well-known security anti-pattern. This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure coding practices such as input validation, use of parameterized APIs, and principle of least privilege for web server processes.

For European organizations using WeGIA to manage charitable institutions or related social service entities, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive personal data of beneficiaries, donors, and staff, violating GDPR and other privacy regulations. Attackers could disrupt critical services provided by these institutions by deleting or altering data, causing reputational damage and operational downtime. Given that WeGIA is a niche product for charitable organizations, the direct impact is concentrated but significant for those affected. Additionally, compromised servers could be leveraged as footholds for lateral movement within organizational networks or as platforms for launching further attacks such as ransomware or data exfiltration. The lack of authentication requirement increases the attack surface, enabling remote attackers to exploit the vulnerability without prior access. This elevates the risk of widespread exploitation in the absence of timely patching. The criticality of the vulnerability combined with the sensitive nature of data handled by charitable institutions underscores the urgency for European organizations to address this threat promptly.

1. Immediate upgrade of WeGIA installations to version 3.4.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious input patterns targeting the 'branch' parameter, especially shell metacharacters and command chaining operators. 3. Restrict network access to the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint by IP whitelisting or VPN access to limit exposure. 4. Review and harden web server user privileges (www-data) to minimize potential damage from command execution, applying the principle of least privilege. 5. Conduct thorough logging and monitoring of web server access logs to detect anomalous requests indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Perform regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on input validation and command execution practices. 7. Educate development teams on secure coding standards to prevent similar injection flaws in future releases. 8. Backup critical data regularly to enable recovery in case of compromise. These measures, combined with patching, provide a layered defense against exploitation.