CVE-2025-51045 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the Phpgurukul Pre-School Enrollment System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/password-recovery.php script, specifically due to insufficient validation of the 'username' parameter. This lack of proper input sanitization allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code into the backend database query. Exploiting this vulnerability could enable an attacker to manipulate the SQL query executed by the application, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification or deletion of database records, or even complete compromise of the underlying database server. Since the vulnerability is located in the password recovery functionality, it may be leveraged to bypass authentication mechanisms or retrieve password hashes or other sensitive user information. The absence of a CVSS score and known exploits in the wild suggests this vulnerability is newly disclosed and may not yet be actively exploited, but the nature of SQL injection vulnerabilities typically makes them high-risk due to their potential impact and ease of exploitation if the application is publicly accessible. The vulnerability affects a niche application used for managing preschool enrollment, which may limit the scope of affected organizations but still poses a significant risk to those using this specific software.

For European organizations using the Phpgurukul Pre-School Enrollment System, this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized access to personally identifiable information (PII) of children, parents, and staff, which is highly sensitive under GDPR regulations. Data breaches resulting from exploitation could lead to regulatory fines, reputational damage, and loss of trust among stakeholders. Additionally, attackers could manipulate enrollment data, disrupt administrative operations, or escalate privileges within the system. Given the critical nature of educational data and the strict data protection laws in Europe, the impact extends beyond technical compromise to legal and compliance risks. Organizations relying on this system may also face operational disruptions if the database integrity is compromised or if remediation requires system downtime.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately apply input validation and sanitization on the 'username' parameter within the /admin/password-recovery.php script. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements is essential to prevent SQL injection. If a patch or update from the vendor becomes available, it should be applied promptly. In the absence of an official patch, organizations should consider implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint. Additionally, restricting access to the admin interface via IP whitelisting or VPN can reduce exposure. Regular security audits and code reviews of custom or third-party applications should be conducted to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Monitoring logs for suspicious activity around the password recovery functionality can help detect exploitation attempts early.