CVE-2025-54108 is a race condition vulnerability classified under CWE-362, found in the Capability Access Management Service (camsvc) component of Microsoft Windows Server 2025, specifically in Server Core installations version 10.0.26100.0. The flaw arises from improper synchronization when multiple threads or processes concurrently access shared resources, leading to a race condition that can be exploited by an authorized local attacker to elevate privileges. This means an attacker with low-level access can manipulate the timing of operations to gain higher privileges than intended, compromising system confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require local access and has a high attack complexity, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). No public exploits are known yet, but the potential for privilege escalation makes it a significant threat. The absence of patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate risk mitigation through access controls and monitoring. The Server Core installation is often used in enterprise environments for its minimal footprint and security benefits, but this vulnerability undermines those advantages by allowing privilege escalation locally. The vulnerability's impact spans critical enterprise and infrastructure systems that rely on Windows Server 2025, potentially enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges or disrupt services.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk, especially those using Windows Server 2025 Server Core installations in critical infrastructure, government, finance, and large enterprises. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges locally, potentially leading to full system compromise, unauthorized data access, and disruption of essential services. This can undermine trust, cause regulatory compliance issues under GDPR due to potential data breaches, and result in significant operational downtime. The high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts mean that sensitive data and critical systems could be exposed or manipulated. Given the local access requirement, insider threats or attackers who have gained initial footholds via other means could leverage this vulnerability to deepen their control. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the high severity demands urgent attention to prevent future exploitation.

1. Apply official patches from Microsoft immediately once they become available to address the race condition in camsvc. 2. Until patches are released, restrict local access to Windows Server 2025 Server Core systems by enforcing strict access control policies and limiting administrative privileges. 3. Implement robust monitoring and logging of privilege escalation attempts and unusual process/thread activity related to camsvc. 4. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect anomalous behavior indicative of race condition exploitation. 5. Employ application whitelisting and least privilege principles to reduce the attack surface. 6. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on local privilege escalation vectors. 7. Educate system administrators about the vulnerability and the importance of minimizing local access to critical servers. 8. Consider network segmentation to isolate critical servers and reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers who gain local access.