CVE-2025-54115 is a high-severity race condition vulnerability (CWE-362) affecting Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809, specifically within the Windows Hyper-V component. The flaw arises from improper synchronization during concurrent execution of shared resources, which can be exploited by an authorized local attacker to elevate privileges. This race condition allows the attacker to manipulate the timing of resource access, potentially bypassing security controls and gaining higher privileges than intended. The vulnerability requires local access with low privileges and has a high attack complexity, meaning exploitation is not trivial but feasible under certain conditions. No user interaction is needed, and the scope is unchanged, indicating the impact is confined to the vulnerable system. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the critical nature of privilege escalation in Hyper-V environments. Hyper-V is widely used in enterprise virtualization scenarios, making this vulnerability particularly relevant for organizations relying on Windows 10 Version 1809 for virtualization workloads. The absence of published patches at this time increases the urgency for mitigation and monitoring.

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a substantial risk, especially for enterprises and service providers utilizing Windows 10 Version 1809 with Hyper-V for virtualization. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges locally, potentially leading to full system compromise, unauthorized access to sensitive data, and disruption of critical services. This is particularly concerning for sectors with stringent data protection requirements such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions. The vulnerability could facilitate lateral movement within networks, enabling attackers to bypass segmentation controls. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, exploitation could result in data breaches, operational downtime, and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the presence of this flaw in a widely deployed OS version means that organizations running legacy systems are at elevated risk.

Organizations should prioritize upgrading from Windows 10 Version 1809 to a more recent, supported Windows version where this vulnerability is addressed. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, applying any available security updates or workarounds from Microsoft as soon as they are released is critical. Restrict local access to systems running Hyper-V to trusted personnel only and enforce strict access controls and monitoring to detect suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying privilege escalation behaviors. Network segmentation should be enhanced to limit the spread of potential compromises. Regularly audit Hyper-V configurations and logs for anomalies. Additionally, consider disabling Hyper-V on systems where it is not required to reduce the attack surface. Implementing robust patch management processes and maintaining an inventory of affected systems will facilitate timely remediation. Finally, conduct user training to reinforce the importance of local system security and vigilance against insider threats.