CVE-2025-55685 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416 affecting the Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc service in Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0). The flaw arises from improper memory management where the service attempts to use memory after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior that an attacker can exploit to escalate privileges locally. The attacker must have authorized local access with low privileges but does not require user interaction to trigger the vulnerability. The attack complexity is high, indicating that exploitation requires detailed knowledge of the system and precise conditions. Successful exploitation can compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability by allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, potentially gaining SYSTEM-level access. No public exploits or patches are currently available, but the vulnerability is officially published and tracked. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, reflecting a high severity due to the impact on system security and the local attack vector with high complexity and required privileges. The vulnerability specifically targets the PrintWorkflowUserSvc, a component involved in managing print workflows, which may be critical in enterprise environments with extensive printing infrastructure.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, particularly to enterprises and public sector entities heavily reliant on Windows 11 25H2 for their desktop and workstation environments. The ability for a local attacker to escalate privileges could lead to lateral movement within networks, unauthorized access to sensitive data, and disruption of printing services critical to business operations. Confidentiality could be breached if attackers gain access to sensitive documents or system information. Integrity and availability could be compromised by executing malicious code or disabling critical services. Organizations with large numbers of users having local access, such as educational institutions, government offices, and manufacturing plants, are at increased risk. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the lack of patches means organizations must rely on compensating controls. The threat is heightened in environments where endpoint security is weak or where insider threats exist. Given the widespread adoption of Windows 11 in Europe, the potential impact is broad and could affect critical infrastructure sectors, including finance, healthcare, and public administration.

Until an official patch is released, European organizations should implement strict local access controls to limit the number of users with local privileges on Windows 11 25H2 systems. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor and block suspicious activities related to PrintWorkflowUserSvc or unusual memory operations. Disable or restrict the PrintWorkflowUserSvc service where printing workflows are not essential or can be temporarily rerouted. Conduct thorough audits of user privileges and remove unnecessary local accounts or rights that could be leveraged for exploitation. Enforce the principle of least privilege and ensure that users operate with the minimum necessary permissions. Monitor system logs and security event data for anomalies indicative of privilege escalation attempts. Prepare for rapid deployment of patches by maintaining up-to-date asset inventories and testing procedures. Educate IT staff about this specific vulnerability to recognize potential exploitation attempts. Consider network segmentation to isolate critical systems and reduce the impact of a successful local compromise.