CVE-2025-55688 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416 found in the Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc service of Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0). This vulnerability occurs when the service improperly handles memory, freeing an object while it is still in use, which can lead to arbitrary code execution or privilege escalation. An attacker with authorized local access and low privileges can exploit this flaw to elevate their privileges to higher levels, potentially SYSTEM level, without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.0, indicating high severity, with attack vector local (AV:L), attack complexity high (AC:H), privileges required low (PR:L), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, meaning an attacker could fully compromise the system. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the critical nature of privilege escalation. The flaw resides in a Windows service related to print workflow management, which is commonly enabled in enterprise environments. No official patches have been released at the time of publication, but Microsoft has acknowledged the issue. The vulnerability was reserved in August 2025 and published in October 2025, indicating a recent discovery. Organizations running Windows 11 25H2 should prepare to apply updates once available and consider interim mitigations.

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a serious risk as it allows local attackers to escalate privileges, potentially leading to full system compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and the ability to deploy further malware or ransomware. Organizations with high reliance on Windows 11 25H2, especially those in sectors like finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, could face significant operational and reputational damage. The local attack vector means insider threats or attackers who have gained initial footholds could leverage this vulnerability to deepen their access. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability makes this a critical concern for maintaining compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, the lack of current patches increases the window of exposure, emphasizing the need for proactive defense measures.

To mitigate CVE-2025-55688, European organizations should implement strict access controls to limit local user permissions and reduce the number of users with local access to systems running Windows 11 25H2. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor and block suspicious activities related to the PrintWorkflowUserSvc service. Network segmentation can help contain potential exploitation by limiting lateral movement. Regularly audit and harden print services and workflows to minimize attack surfaces. Since no patches are currently available, organizations should stay informed through official Microsoft channels for updates and apply patches immediately upon release. Additionally, consider disabling or restricting the PrintWorkflowUserSvc service if it is not essential to business operations. Conduct user training to raise awareness about insider threats and enforce strong authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized local access.