CVE-2025-57633 is a critical command injection vulnerability found in the FTP-Flask-python application, specifically affecting the /ftp.html endpoint's "Upload File" functionality. The vulnerability arises because the application constructs a shell command using the ftp_file parameter and executes it directly via Python's os.system() call without any sanitization or escaping of the input. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary operating system commands, which the server will execute with the privileges of the running application. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command), indicating that user input is improperly handled before being passed to a system command. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 9.8, reflecting its critical severity, with attack vector as network (AV:N), no required privileges (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no specific affected versions are listed, the vulnerability is present in the FTP-Flask-python project as of the published date (September 9, 2025). No patches or known exploits in the wild have been reported yet. The vulnerability enables attackers to fully compromise the affected system remotely, potentially leading to data theft, service disruption, or complete system takeover.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially those using FTP-Flask-python or similar Flask-based FTP services in their infrastructure. The ability for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands remotely means attackers can bypass authentication controls entirely, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of business-critical services, and potential lateral movement within internal networks. Given the critical severity and ease of exploitation, attackers could deploy ransomware, steal intellectual property, or use compromised systems as footholds for further attacks. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk due to the sensitive nature of their data and regulatory requirements under GDPR and other European cybersecurity directives. The lack of patches increases the urgency for mitigation. Additionally, the vulnerability could be exploited to disrupt services, causing reputational damage and financial losses.

Immediate mitigation steps include disabling or restricting access to the vulnerable /ftp.html endpoint, especially the "Upload File" functionality, until a secure patch is available. Organizations should implement strict input validation and sanitization to prevent command injection, replacing any use of os.system() with safer alternatives such as subprocess.run() with argument lists or dedicated libraries that avoid shell invocation. Network-level controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) should be configured to detect and block suspicious command injection patterns targeting the ftp_file parameter. Employing application-layer authentication and access controls can reduce exposure. Monitoring and logging of FTP-Flask-python application activity should be enhanced to detect anomalous commands or uploads. If possible, isolate the application in a restricted environment or container to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Organizations should also track vendor advisories for patches and apply them promptly once available. Conducting penetration testing and code reviews focused on command injection risks in similar applications is recommended to identify and remediate related vulnerabilities.