CVE-2025-58131 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in the Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer for VMware Horizon, affecting versions prior to 6.4.10 (and earlier versions 6.2.15 and 6.3.12 in their respective release tracks). The vulnerability is classified as a CWE-367 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition. This type of race condition occurs when a system checks a condition (time-of-check) and then uses the result of that check (time-of-use), but the state of the system changes between these two operations, potentially allowing an attacker to exploit the timing gap. In this case, an authenticated user can leverage the race condition to disclose sensitive information via network access. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have some level of privileges (low privileges) and user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R). The impact on confidentiality and integrity is high, while availability is not affected. The vulnerability is specific to the macOS Universal installer component of the Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin used within VMware Horizon environments, which are virtual desktop infrastructure solutions commonly used in enterprise settings to provide remote desktop access. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches are linked yet, indicating that organizations should prioritize monitoring and mitigation efforts. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, potentially exposing internal communications or credentials handled by the plugin, which could be leveraged for further attacks or lateral movement within a network.

For European organizations, especially those utilizing VMware Horizon with Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin on macOS endpoints, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data. Enterprises relying on virtual desktop infrastructure for remote work or secure access to corporate resources could face data leakage if an attacker with authenticated access exploits this race condition. This could undermine trust in remote collaboration tools and expose intellectual property or personal data protected under GDPR. The medium severity rating suggests that while exploitation is not trivial, the potential damage to data confidentiality and integrity is substantial. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government, which often use VDI solutions for secure remote access, may be particularly impacted. Additionally, the requirement for user interaction and low privilege means insider threats or compromised user accounts could be leveraged to exploit this vulnerability, increasing the risk profile in environments with less stringent access controls.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should: 1) Immediately inventory and identify all instances of Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer deployed within VMware Horizon environments. 2) Monitor for updates from Zoom Communications and VMware for patches addressing CVE-2025-58131 and apply them promptly once available. 3) Implement strict access controls and least privilege principles to limit authenticated user capabilities, reducing the risk of exploitation by low-privilege users. 4) Employ network segmentation to isolate VDI infrastructure and limit network access paths that could be used to exploit the vulnerability. 5) Enhance monitoring and logging around VDI plugin usage and network access patterns to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Educate users about the risks of interacting with potentially malicious content or workflows that could trigger the race condition exploit. 7) Consider temporary compensating controls such as disabling or restricting the use of the affected plugin on macOS endpoints if feasible until patches are deployed. 8) Collaborate with endpoint security teams to deploy host-based intrusion detection or prevention systems capable of identifying suspicious activity related to the plugin.