CVE-2025-58131VulnerabilityPublished 9 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-58131: Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer for VMware Horizon · Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Affects Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer for VMware HorizonSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.6 Medium.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.6Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 1% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector: Local
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Local: The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 9 Sep 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Zoom Communications, Inc Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer for VMware Horizon	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Organizations should prioritize updating the Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin to version 6.4.10 or later, or the corresponding patched versions in other release tracks (6.2.15, 6.3.12). Until patches are applied, organizations should enforce strict access controls to limit authenticated user privileges, minimizing the risk of exploitation by insiders or compromised accounts. Network segmentation and monitoring of VDI-related network traffic can help detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. Additionally, implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for access to VDI environments reduces the likelihood of unauthorized authenticated access. Security teams should also conduct regular audits of VDI plugin installations and configurations to ensure compliance with security best practices. Finally, educating users about the risks of interacting with untrusted installers or updates can reduce the chance of user-driven exploitation.

Description

Race condition in the Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin macOS Universal installer for VMware Horizon before version 6.4.10 (or before 6.2.15 and 6.3.12 in their respective tracks) may allow an authenticated user to conduct a disclosure of information via network access.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in sectors relying heavily on virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) solutions for remote work and secure access, such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure. The Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin is used to enhance Zoom's integration within VMware Horizon environments, which are prevalent in enterprise settings. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive corporate or personal data, potentially violating GDPR requirements on data protection and privacy. The confidentiality breach could expose internal communications, credentials, or other sensitive information transmitted during the installation or update process. While the vulnerability requires authenticated access and user interaction, insider threats or compromised user accounts could be leveraged to exploit this flaw. The integrity impact could also undermine trust in the VDI environment, potentially leading to further security incidents. Given the widespread adoption of Zoom and VMware Horizon in Europe, this vulnerability could affect a broad range of organizations, increasing the risk of targeted attacks or lateral movement within networks.

CWE-367Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: Medium
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
Implementation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Implementation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Architecture and Design
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V1.11.3 (opens in a new tab)
V11.1.6 (opens in a new tab)
V1.11.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links (opens in a new tab)
Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/ZSB-25037 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Sep 2025, 00:55 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-367

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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