CVE-2025-58732 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416, discovered in the Inbox COM Objects component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 17763.0). Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to use a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed, leading to undefined behavior including potential arbitrary code execution. In this case, an unauthorized attacker with local access can exploit this flaw to execute code on the affected system, potentially gaining elevated privileges or compromising system integrity. The vulnerability requires user interaction, such as triggering the vulnerable COM object, and has a high attack complexity, meaning exploitation is not trivial but feasible. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, but limited by the need for local access and user interaction. No patches or mitigations have been published at the time of disclosure, and no known exploits are reported in the wild. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to environments still running Windows 10 Version 1809, especially those with multiple users or less restrictive local access controls.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58732 can be substantial, particularly in sectors where Windows 10 Version 1809 remains in use due to legacy application dependencies or delayed upgrade cycles. Successful exploitation could lead to local privilege escalation, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code with potentially elevated rights, compromising sensitive data confidentiality, system integrity, and availability. This could facilitate lateral movement within networks, data exfiltration, or deployment of ransomware and other malware. Critical infrastructure, government agencies, and enterprises with strict compliance requirements may face operational disruptions and regulatory penalties if exploited. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation risks but does not eliminate insider threats or risks from social engineering attacks. The absence of patches increases exposure time, necessitating immediate risk management actions.

Given the lack of an official patch, European organizations should implement several targeted mitigations: 1) Restrict local access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 by enforcing strict physical and logical access controls, including limiting administrative privileges and using least privilege principles. 2) Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior related to COM object misuse. 3) Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted content or executing unknown applications that might trigger the vulnerability. 4) Monitor systems for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected COM object calls or process creations. 5) Prioritize upgrading affected systems to supported Windows versions with active security updates to eliminate exposure. 6) Use network segmentation to isolate legacy systems and reduce potential lateral movement. 7) Implement robust logging and incident response plans to quickly identify and respond to exploitation attempts.