CVE-2025-58732 is a use-after-free vulnerability categorized under CWE-416, affecting the Inbox COM Objects component in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to use a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed, leading to undefined behavior such as memory corruption. In this case, the flaw allows an unauthorized attacker to execute arbitrary code locally by manipulating the vulnerable COM objects. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction, with a high attack complexity, meaning the attacker must perform specific actions to trigger the flaw. No privileges are required, which lowers the barrier for exploitation once local access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, indicating high severity, with impacts rated as high on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector is local (AV:L), attack complexity is high (AC:H), privileges required are none (PR:N), and user interaction is required (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other system components. Currently, there are no known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been released yet. However, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to systems still running Windows 10 Version 1809, which is an older but still deployed version in some enterprises. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise, data theft, or disruption of services. The vulnerability highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date systems and applying security updates promptly once available.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58732 can be substantial, especially for those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. Successful exploitation could lead to local privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution, enabling attackers to gain control over affected machines. This could result in data breaches, disruption of critical business operations, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk due to the sensitivity of their data and the importance of system availability. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation, but insider threats or social engineering attacks could facilitate exploitation. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means that compromised systems could lead to significant operational and reputational damage. Additionally, organizations with compliance obligations under GDPR must consider the legal and financial consequences of data breaches stemming from this vulnerability.

1. Upgrade affected systems from Windows 10 Version 1809 to a supported and patched version of Windows 10 or Windows 11 to eliminate the vulnerability. 2. Until patches are available, restrict local user permissions to the minimum necessary to reduce the risk of unauthorized code execution. 3. Implement strict application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized or malicious code from running on endpoints. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious activities indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unusual COM object usage or memory corruption behaviors. 5. Educate users about the risks of social engineering and the importance of avoiding untrusted local software execution to mitigate user interaction requirements. 6. Regularly audit and harden local access controls, especially on systems handling sensitive or critical data. 7. Monitor vendor advisories closely and apply official patches immediately upon release. 8. Consider network segmentation to limit the spread of potential compromises from exploited local machines. 9. Use virtualization or sandboxing for high-risk applications to contain potential exploitation effects.