CVE-2025-59282 is a race condition vulnerability classified under CWE-362, found in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 (build 10.0.10240.0). The flaw exists in Inbox COM Objects, which are components used for inter-process communication and resource sharing within the operating system. The vulnerability occurs due to improper synchronization when multiple threads or processes concurrently access shared resources, leading to a race condition. This improper handling can allow an unauthorized attacker with local access to execute arbitrary code by exploiting the timing window where resource states are inconsistent. The vulnerability requires user interaction and has a high attack complexity, meaning the attacker must carefully orchestrate the race condition to succeed. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, reflecting high severity with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The attack vector is local (AV:L), no privileges are required (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U). Currently, there are no known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been published, leaving affected systems vulnerable. This vulnerability primarily affects legacy Windows 10 systems, which are still in use in some organizations due to compatibility or operational constraints.

The vulnerability allows an unauthorized local attacker to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data (confidentiality breach), modification or deletion of critical files (integrity breach), and disruption of system operations (availability impact). Organizations relying on Windows 10 Version 1507, especially in environments where local user access is common or where user interaction can be coerced, face increased risk of targeted attacks. The high complexity and requirement for local access limit widespread exploitation but do not eliminate risk in environments with insider threats or compromised user accounts. Legacy systems in critical infrastructure, manufacturing, or government sectors may be particularly vulnerable due to slower patch cycles and operational constraints preventing upgrades.

1. Upgrade affected systems to a supported and patched version of Windows 10 or later to eliminate the vulnerability. 2. Restrict local user access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1507, enforcing the principle of least privilege to minimize attack surface. 3. Implement strict user account control policies to prevent unauthorized execution of code and reduce the likelihood of successful user interaction exploitation. 4. Monitor system logs and behavior for signs of race condition exploitation attempts or unusual process activity involving Inbox COM Objects. 5. Use application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect and block suspicious local code execution. 6. Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted content or applications that could trigger the race condition. 7. If upgrading is not immediately possible, isolate legacy systems from critical networks and limit physical and remote access.