CVE-2025-59436 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in the 'ip' package (also known as node-ip) maintained by the vendor 'fedorindutny' and distributed via NPM. This vulnerability affects versions up to 2.0.1 of the package. The root cause is an improper classification of the IP address value '017700000001' as globally routable by the isPublic function. This misclassification allows an attacker to craft requests that the server mistakenly treats as safe external requests, while in reality, they may target internal or restricted network resources. The vulnerability is a consequence of an incomplete fix for a previous SSRF issue tracked as CVE-2024-29415. SSRF vulnerabilities like this can allow attackers to induce the server to make unauthorized requests to internal systems or services that are otherwise inaccessible externally. However, the CVSS score assigned is 3.2 (low severity), reflecting limited impact and exploitation complexity. The vector indicates local attack vector (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and a scope change (S:C) with no confidentiality impact (C:N), low integrity impact (I:L), and no availability impact (A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild, and no patches are currently linked, suggesting that remediation may still be pending or in progress. The vulnerability's presence in a widely used NPM package means that any Node.js applications relying on this package for IP address validation or categorization could be susceptible to SSRF attacks if they do not implement additional safeguards. Given that SSRF can be leveraged to pivot into internal networks, the vulnerability could be a stepping stone for more severe attacks if chained with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59436 depends largely on the extent to which the vulnerable 'ip' package is used within their software stacks. Organizations that develop or deploy Node.js applications relying on this package for IP address validation may be at risk of SSRF exploitation. SSRF can enable attackers to access internal services, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, service disruption, or lateral movement within corporate networks. Although the CVSS score is low, the scope change indicates that the vulnerability could affect components beyond the initially targeted system, increasing risk in complex environments. European sectors with critical internal services exposed to web-facing applications—such as finance, healthcare, and government—could face elevated risks if the vulnerability is exploited to bypass network segmentation or access sensitive internal APIs. The lack of known exploits and the high attack complexity reduce immediate risk, but organizations should remain vigilant, especially given the vulnerability stems from an incomplete fix of a prior issue, indicating potential for further related vulnerabilities. The impact is mitigated if organizations have robust network segmentation, strict egress filtering, and application-layer protections in place.

To mitigate CVE-2025-59436, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Identify and inventory all Node.js applications using the 'ip' package, especially versions up to 2.0.1. 2) Monitor the official repository and security advisories from the package maintainer for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability, and apply them promptly once available. 3) Implement additional validation layers for IP address inputs, avoiding sole reliance on the vulnerable isPublic function. 4) Employ strict network segmentation and firewall rules to limit server-side requests to only necessary internal and external endpoints, reducing the impact of SSRF attempts. 5) Use web application firewalls (WAFs) with SSRF detection capabilities to monitor and block suspicious outbound requests. 6) Conduct code reviews and penetration testing focusing on SSRF vectors in applications using this package. 7) Educate development teams about the risks of SSRF and the importance of secure IP validation. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on both immediate patch management and architectural controls to reduce exploitation likelihood and impact.