CVE-2025-59831 is a high-severity command injection vulnerability affecting versions of the Node.js module git-commiters prior to 0.1.2. Git-commiters is a utility designed to provide statistics about committers in a git repository, exposing an API function gitCommiters(options, callback). This function accepts parameters such as cwd (current working directory) and revisionRange (a git revision pointer like HEAD). The vulnerability arises because the module improperly handles user-supplied input by concatenating it directly into shell commands without adequate sanitization or use of secure process execution APIs that separate commands from their arguments. This improper neutralization of special elements (CWE-77 and CWE-78) enables an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands, which the system executes with the privileges of the running process. The vulnerability does not require authentication but does require user interaction (e.g., invoking the vulnerable API with crafted input). The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, data compromise, or system disruption. The issue was patched in version 0.1.2 by properly sanitizing inputs and adopting secure command execution practices. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the severity and ease of exploitation make it a critical risk for environments using vulnerable versions of git-commiters, especially in automated CI/CD pipelines or developer tools that process untrusted input.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, particularly for software development teams and DevOps environments relying on git-commiters for repository analytics. Exploitation can lead to arbitrary command execution on developer workstations, build servers, or continuous integration systems, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges, exfiltrate sensitive source code, inject malicious code into repositories, or disrupt development workflows. The compromise of source code integrity and confidentiality can have cascading effects on product security and compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, organizations with automated deployment pipelines that incorporate git-commiters may face service outages or supply chain attacks if exploited. Given the widespread use of Node.js in European tech sectors, and the integration of git tools in development environments, the vulnerability could affect a broad range of companies, from startups to large enterprises.

European organizations should immediately audit their software dependencies to identify any usage of git-commiters versions prior to 0.1.2. They must upgrade all instances of git-commiters to version 0.1.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. For environments where immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement strict input validation and sanitization on any user-supplied parameters passed to git-commiters, avoiding direct shell command concatenation. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious command execution patterns. Restrict permissions of processes running git-commiters to the minimum necessary, limiting potential damage from exploitation. Incorporate security scanning tools in CI/CD pipelines to detect vulnerable dependencies automatically. Finally, educate development and DevOps teams about the risks of command injection and secure coding practices, emphasizing the importance of using secure APIs for process execution.