CVE-2025-62397 is a vulnerability identified in version 5.0.0 of a router product, characterized by the generation of error messages that inconsistently respond to invalid course IDs. This inconsistency allows remote attackers to infer which course IDs exist within the system, effectively leaking sensitive information that could be leveraged during reconnaissance phases of an attack. The vulnerability is classified with a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting its impact on confidentiality without affecting integrity or availability. The attack vector is network-based, requiring no privileges or user interaction, making it accessible to unauthenticated attackers. The core issue stems from improper error handling and information disclosure through error messages, which can reveal internal data structures or valid identifiers. Although no exploits have been reported in the wild, the vulnerability could facilitate further targeted attacks by providing attackers with knowledge of valid course IDs, potentially aiding in bypassing access controls or escalating privileges in integrated systems. The vulnerability was reserved and published in October 2025, with no patches currently linked, indicating that remediation may still be pending. The router's role in managing course IDs suggests integration with educational or training platforms, which may be critical in certain organizational contexts.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-62397 lies in the confidentiality domain, as attackers can glean valid course IDs through error message analysis. This information leakage can facilitate reconnaissance activities, enabling attackers to map valid identifiers and potentially target specific courses or users associated with those IDs. While the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the disclosed information could be a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks, such as unauthorized access or phishing campaigns tailored to known courses. Organizations in sectors like education, corporate training, or any that integrate course management with network infrastructure could face increased risk. The lack of authentication requirements and ease of exploitation over the network heighten the threat, especially in environments where the affected router version is deployed. However, the absence of known exploits in the wild and the medium severity rating suggest that immediate critical impact is limited but warrants proactive mitigation to prevent escalation.

To mitigate CVE-2025-62397, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply vendor patches promptly once released to address the inconsistent error handling. 2) Configure the router or associated systems to standardize error messages, ensuring they do not reveal whether a course ID is valid or invalid, thus preventing information leakage. 3) Employ network-level monitoring to detect unusual querying patterns that may indicate reconnaissance attempts targeting course IDs. 4) Restrict access to management interfaces and APIs that handle course IDs using strong authentication and network segmentation to limit exposure. 5) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on error message handling and information disclosure vulnerabilities. 6) Educate relevant IT and security staff about the risks of information leakage through error messages and encourage secure coding and configuration practices. 7) Where possible, implement rate limiting or anomaly detection to reduce the feasibility of automated enumeration attacks. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on error message management, access control, and proactive detection tailored to this vulnerability's characteristics.