CVE-2025-62402 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-250 (Execution with Unnecessary Privileges) affecting Apache Airflow version 3.0.0. The issue arises from the /api/v2/dagReports API endpoint, which allows authenticated API users to execute Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) code in the context of the API server process. This is possible when the API server is deployed in an environment where DAG files are accessible, enabling the execution of code with the privileges of the API server rather than a more restricted context. The vulnerability is network exploitable (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring privileges (PR:L) but no user interaction (UI:N). The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is limited to the vulnerable component. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.4, reflecting a medium severity level. The vulnerability could lead to unauthorized information disclosure and modification of data (confidentiality and integrity impacts), but does not affect availability. No patches or known exploits are currently reported, indicating the vulnerability is newly disclosed and may require immediate attention to prevent potential exploitation. The root cause is improper privilege management allowing execution with unnecessary privileges, which could be leveraged by attackers to escalate their capabilities within the Airflow environment.

The vulnerability allows attackers with API access to execute DAG code with the privileges of the API server, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data and modification of workflows or configurations. This can compromise the confidentiality and integrity of data processed by Apache Airflow, which is often used for critical data pipelines and workflow orchestration in enterprises. Although availability is not directly impacted, the integrity loss could disrupt business processes relying on accurate and secure data workflows. Organizations with exposed Airflow API endpoints or insufficient access controls are at higher risk. The medium severity score reflects the need for timely remediation to prevent privilege escalation and unauthorized code execution. The absence of known exploits currently limits immediate impact but does not reduce the potential risk if attackers develop exploits.

1. Restrict access to the /api/v2/dagReports endpoint by implementing strict authentication and authorization controls, ensuring only trusted users with minimal necessary privileges can access it. 2. Deploy the API server in an environment isolated from DAG file storage or ensure DAG files are not accessible to the API server process to prevent unauthorized code execution. 3. Monitor API usage logs for unusual or unauthorized access patterns targeting the /api/v2/dagReports endpoint. 4. Apply the latest security updates and patches from Apache Software Foundation once available, as no patch is currently provided. 5. Consider implementing network segmentation and firewall rules to limit API server exposure to untrusted networks. 6. Review and harden Airflow deployment configurations to follow the principle of least privilege, minimizing the API server's execution rights. 7. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on API endpoints and privilege management within Airflow environments.