CVE-2025-63686 is an arbitrary file download vulnerability identified in the GuoMinJim PersonManage system, a personnel management software. The vulnerability resides in the document query function under the Download Center menu, introduced by a specific code commit from November 23, 2020. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate the file download functionality to retrieve arbitrary files from the server, bypassing intended access controls. The vulnerability likely stems from insufficient input validation or improper sanitization of file path parameters, enabling directory traversal or direct file access attacks. Since no authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, an attacker can remotely download sensitive files, potentially exposing confidential personnel data or internal documents. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and no public exploits have been reported, but the vulnerability is published and recognized by MITRE. The lack of patch information suggests that affected organizations must proactively audit their systems and apply custom mitigations. The arbitrary file download can lead to significant confidentiality breaches and may serve as a foothold for further attacks if sensitive configuration or credential files are exposed. This vulnerability highlights the critical need for secure coding practices in file handling functions within enterprise software.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-63686 could be substantial, particularly for those in the public sector, human resources, or any entity managing sensitive personal data using GuoMinJim PersonManage. Unauthorized file downloads could lead to exposure of personally identifiable information (PII), internal documents, or credentials, resulting in privacy violations and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. The breach of confidentiality could damage organizational reputation and trust. Additionally, attackers might leverage downloaded files to escalate privileges or conduct further network intrusions. The vulnerability's ease of exploitation without authentication increases the risk of widespread attacks. Organizations may also face legal and financial consequences if sensitive data is leaked. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for mitigation, but the threat remains significant given the potential data exposure and operational disruption.

To mitigate CVE-2025-63686, organizations should immediately conduct a thorough security review of the PersonManage system's file download functionality. Specific actions include: 1) Implement strict input validation and sanitization to prevent directory traversal or arbitrary file path manipulation; 2) Enforce access controls ensuring only authorized users can download files, ideally with authentication and role-based permissions; 3) Restrict file downloads to a predefined whitelist of safe directories and file types; 4) Monitor and log file download requests to detect suspicious activity; 5) Apply any available patches or updates from the vendor as soon as they are released; 6) Conduct penetration testing focused on file handling functions; 7) Educate system administrators about the vulnerability and signs of exploitation; 8) Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to block malicious file download attempts; 9) Isolate the PersonManage system in a segmented network zone to limit lateral movement if compromised. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on secure coding, access control, and proactive monitoring tailored to this vulnerability.