CVE-2025-6377 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting Rockwell Automation's Arena® simulation software, specifically versions up to and including 16.20.08. The vulnerability arises from improper input validation (CWE-20) when processing DOE files. A specially crafted DOE file can trigger a buffer overflow condition by causing the software to write beyond the boundaries of an allocated object in memory. This memory corruption can lead to remote code execution (RCE) on the target system. Exploitation requires user interaction, such as opening a malicious DOE file within the Arena® application. The vulnerability is more severe if the software is running with administrator privileges, as this would allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated rights, potentially leading to full system compromise. The CVSS v4.0 score is 7.1, reflecting a high severity with attack vector local (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), required user interaction (UI:A), and no privileges required (PR:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as arbitrary code execution can lead to data theft, manipulation, or system disruption. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability is significant given Arena®'s use in industrial simulation and automation environments, where compromised simulation software could disrupt operational planning or control systems.

For European organizations, especially those in industrial automation, manufacturing, and engineering sectors, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk. Arena® is widely used for simulation and modeling in process optimization and control system design. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive industrial data, disruption of simulation workflows, or pivoting into broader operational technology (OT) networks. This could result in operational downtime, loss of intellectual property, and safety risks if simulation outputs are manipulated. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but targeted spear-phishing or social engineering attacks could be effective. The elevated impact when running as administrator underscores the importance of privilege management. European critical infrastructure entities using Arena® could face increased risk, particularly in countries with strong manufacturing and automation sectors.

Organizations should immediately review and restrict the use of Arena® to trusted files and sources. Implement strict file handling policies to prevent opening DOE files from unverified origins. Enforce the principle of least privilege by ensuring Arena® does not run with administrative rights unless absolutely necessary. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior related to file parsing and memory corruption. Conduct user awareness training to mitigate risks of social engineering attacks that could lead to opening malicious files. Monitor systems for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Since no patch is currently available, consider isolating Arena® environments from critical networks and applying network segmentation to limit lateral movement. Regularly check for vendor updates or security advisories to apply patches promptly once released.