CVE-2025-63914VulnerabilityPublished 24 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-63914: kotaemon · n/a

Affects kotaemonSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 32% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 24 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubcinnamon/kotaemon`pkg:github/cinnamon/kotaemon`Other threats	Affected =0.11.0	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-63914, European organizations should implement several targeted controls beyond generic advice: 1) Enforce strict validation of ZIP file contents before extraction, including limiting the number of files, maximum decompressed size, and file types allowed. 2) Implement resource usage limits during decompression, such as CPU time, memory allocation, and disk space quotas, to prevent resource exhaustion. 3) Ensure that the temporary extraction directory is reliably and promptly cleaned after each extraction, even if no subsequent uploads occur, to avoid disk space accumulation. 4) Restrict file upload permissions to trusted users and implement strong authentication and authorization controls. 5) Monitor system resource usage and disk space to detect abnormal spikes indicative of ZIP bomb attacks. 6) Consider using sandboxed or isolated environments for file extraction to contain potential impacts. 7) Stay updated with vendor patches or security advisories for Cinnamon kotaemon and apply them promptly once available. 8) Educate administrators and users about the risks of uploading untrusted archives and enforce organizational policies accordingly.

Description

CVE-2025-63914 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Cinnamon kotaemon 0.11.0 where the _may_extract_zip function fails to validate the contents of uploaded ZIP files. This allows an attacker with file upload permissions to submit a ZIP bomb, causing excessive resource consumption during decompression and potentially exhausting disk space if extracted data is not cleared. The vulnerability impacts availability but does not affect confidentiality or integrity. Exploitation requires authenticated access but no user interaction beyond upload. The vulnerability could lead to denial of service by making the system unavailable due to resource exhaustion. No known exploits are reported in the wild yet. European organizations using Cinnamon kotaemon, especially those with file upload features exposed internally or externally, should be cautious. Mitigation involves implementing strict ZIP content validation, resource limits during extraction, and ensuring cleanup of extracted files.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-63914 is a denial of service condition caused by resource exhaustion during ZIP file extraction. This can disrupt business operations, especially for services relying on file uploads and automated processing. Organizations handling large volumes of user-generated content or internal file transfers using Cinnamon kotaemon are at risk of service outages or degraded performance. The persistence of extracted data occupying disk space can exacerbate availability issues, potentially leading to system crashes or inability to process further requests. While confidentiality and integrity remain unaffected, the availability impact can affect customer trust, regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR mandates on service availability), and operational continuity. Attackers with upload permissions, such as internal users or authenticated external users, could exploit this vulnerability to disrupt services. This risk is heightened in environments where file upload controls are lax or where automated cleanup mechanisms are not enforced. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate potential future attacks.

CWE-409Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.1.2 (opens in a new tab)
V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 1 Dec 2025, 19:40 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-409

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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