CVE-2025-6925 is a critical path traversal vulnerability identified in version 5.4.0 of the Dromara RuoYi-Vue-Plus framework, specifically within the Mail Handler component located in the /src/main/java/org/dromara/demo/controller/MailController.java file. The vulnerability arises from improper validation or sanitization of the 'filePath' argument, which an attacker can manipulate to traverse directories outside the intended file system scope. This allows remote attackers to access arbitrary files on the server without authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges required, making it a significant risk. Although the CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9 (medium severity), the potential impact of unauthorized file access can be severe depending on the files accessed. The vendor has not responded to early disclosure attempts, and no official patch is currently available. Public exploit code has been disclosed, increasing the likelihood of exploitation. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality, integrity, or availability directly but compromises confidentiality by exposing sensitive files. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements further elevates the risk profile. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for organizations using RuoYi-Vue-Plus 5.4.0 in production environments, especially where sensitive data or critical configurations are stored on the server filesystem accessible by the vulnerable component.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-6925 could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information such as configuration files, credentials, or internal documents stored on servers running the vulnerable RuoYi-Vue-Plus 5.4.0 framework. This could facilitate further attacks like privilege escalation, lateral movement, or data exfiltration. Organizations in sectors with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) could face compliance violations and reputational damage if sensitive personal or corporate data is exposed. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of widespread attacks, especially in environments where the framework is exposed to the internet. Additionally, the absence of vendor response and patches means organizations must rely on internal mitigations, increasing operational burden. The impact is magnified in industries such as finance, healthcare, and government, where data confidentiality is paramount. Furthermore, the public availability of exploit code raises the likelihood of opportunistic attacks targeting European entities using this software.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict network access to the vulnerable Mail Handler endpoint by applying strict firewall rules or network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted internal networks only. Second, implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block path traversal patterns in the 'filePath' parameter. Third, conduct thorough code reviews and apply input validation and sanitization on the 'filePath' parameter to prevent directory traversal sequences (e.g., '..', '%2e%2e'). Fourth, monitor server logs for suspicious access patterns indicative of path traversal attempts and establish alerting mechanisms. Fifth, consider temporarily disabling or removing the vulnerable Mail Handler functionality if feasible. Finally, maintain an active threat intelligence watch for vendor updates or community patches and plan for prompt application once available. Organizations should also conduct internal audits to identify all instances of RuoYi-Vue-Plus 5.4.0 deployments and prioritize remediation accordingly.