CVE-2026-25105 is an OS command injection vulnerability categorized under CWE-78, impacting Copeland XWEB 300D PRO devices, specifically versions 1.12.1 and prior. The vulnerability arises from improper input validation in the Modbus command tool parameters exposed through the device's debug route. An attacker who has authenticated access with high privileges can inject arbitrary OS commands, leading to remote code execution on the device. This allows the attacker to execute commands with the same privileges as the vulnerable service, potentially taking full control of the device. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system, as attackers can manipulate device operations, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt services. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.0, reflecting high severity due to network attack vector, high privileges required, no user interaction, and a scope change indicating impact beyond the vulnerable component. No public exploits are known yet, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a significant risk for industrial control systems and building management systems relying on these devices. The lack of available patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate mitigation efforts to reduce exposure.

This vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations deploying Copeland XWEB 300D PRO devices, especially in industrial control systems (ICS), building automation, and HVAC management. Successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands, manipulate device behavior, disrupt operations, or exfiltrate sensitive information. This can result in operational downtime, safety hazards, financial losses, and damage to organizational reputation. Given the device's role in critical infrastructure environments, exploitation could have cascading effects on broader industrial processes or facility management. The requirement for authenticated access with high privileges somewhat limits the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, as insider threats or compromised credentials could enable exploitation. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate widespread threat but does not preclude targeted attacks. Organizations globally that rely on these devices for critical functions should consider this vulnerability a high priority for remediation.

1. Immediately restrict access to the debug route and Modbus command tool interfaces to trusted administrators only, using network segmentation and access control lists (ACLs). 2. Implement strong authentication mechanisms and enforce least privilege principles to minimize the risk of credential compromise or misuse. 3. Monitor device logs and network traffic for unusual Modbus command activity or unexpected command executions indicative of exploitation attempts. 4. Coordinate with Copeland for timely release and deployment of security patches addressing this vulnerability; apply patches as soon as they become available. 5. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tailored for industrial protocols to detect and block malicious command injections. 6. Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests focusing on device interfaces and authentication controls. 7. Educate operational technology (OT) personnel about the risks of this vulnerability and best practices for secure device management. 8. Consider deploying compensating controls such as application whitelisting or endpoint protection on devices where feasible.