CWE-78: OS Command Injection vulnerabilities

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, CommandValidator in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts validates only the first whitespace-delimited executable against allowedCommands, then SandboxExecutor passes the complete command string to sh -c. A command beginning with an allowed executable can append a non-allowlisted command through shell metacharacters, causing arbitrary commands to run with the PraisonAI process privileges. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.2.

The WSO2 Integrator MI VS Code extension fails to properly sanitize or validate user-supplied input when processing Micro Integrator projects opened from untrusted sources. This allows a crafted project to inject and execute arbitrary operating system commands through the unit test execution flow. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the system where the VS Code extension is running. The extent of the impact is dependent on the privileges of the user account under which VS Code is operating. Exploitation requires the user to grant workspace trust to the malicious project and subsequently trigger the unit test execution.

IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 IBM i Access Client Solutions could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a STRPCCMD CL command.

IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 IBM i Access Client Solutions could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a malicious emulator macro RunProgram action.

IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a session file.

IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 IBM DataStage could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to os command injection.

IBM App Connect Enterprise 13.0.1.0 through 13.0.8.0, and 12.0.1.0 through 12.0.12.27 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.

backpack/crud provides Create, Read, Update & Delete (CRUD) functions for Backpack, a collection of Laravel packages that help users build custom administration panels. Prior to 4.1.70, 5.6.2, 6.8.13, and 7.0.36, Backpack\CRUD\Stats::makeCurlRequest in src/Stats.php is reached from BackpackServiceProvider::boot() and constructs a shell command with a URL influenced by the HTTP Host header, which it passes to exec() without adequate shell neutralization. An unauthenticated attacker whose malformed Host value reaches PHP can inject operating-system commands when exec() and curl are available and the 1-in-100 random gate is reached. Repeated requests can reach the random gate. Successful exploitation executes commands as the web-server user, exposing environment secrets, files, and reachable services and permitting data modification or service disruption. Common reverse-proxy Host validation and hardened PHP configurations that disable exec() reduce reachability but do not correct the vulnerable construction. This issue is fixed in versions 4.1.70, 5.6.2, 6.8.13, and 7.0.36.

Argos JavaScript provides official Argos SDKs for JavaScript. Prior to Argos core package version 6.2.1, attacker-controlled CI branch or ref values from GITHUB_HEAD_REF or ARGOS_BRANCH can flow through config.branch and getMergeBaseCommitSha() when hasRemoteContentAccess is false. The gitFetch() and gitMergeBase() functions in packages/core/src/ci-environment/git.ts interpolate these values into execSync() command strings executed by /bin/sh -c, so shell metacharacters in a pull-request branch name can execute arbitrary commands with the Argos upload process privileges on the CI runner. Successful exploitation can expose CI secrets, alter build artifacts, or compromise the runner. This issue is fixed in Argos core package version 6.2.1.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.6.59, the default UI host applications expose POST /api/mcp/connect without mandatory authentication and accept caller-controlled command and args values that PraisonAIUI passes to StdioMCPClient to start a local process. Because the UI commands bind to 0.0.0.0 by default, a reachable unauthenticated client can execute commands as the UI service account even when the MCP handshake later fails. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.59.

Parallels Desktop runs prl_disp_service as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket /var/run/prl_disp_service.socket. PrlSrv_LoginLocal accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group. After login, PrlSrv_InstallAppliance lets you pick the appliance folder (sVmParentPath). The daemon unpacks with one string, tar -xf "%1" -C "%2", then Qt QProcess::splitCommand chops that string into words. A quote in the folder name closes early. The leftover text becomes extra tar flags. macOS tar --use-compress-program= runs the named program as root.

CVE-2026-35867 is a command injection vulnerability in the LB-LINK AC1900 router firmware version 1.0.2. It exists in the bs_SetLimitCli_info function within the libshare.so library. An attacker able to send a specific POST request may exploit shell metacharacters to inject commands, but only if they already have high privileges (administrative access) on the device. The vulnerability has a low CVSS score of 3.1 and does not impact confidentiality but may cause limited integrity and availability issues.

A file-transfer interface that requires valid credentials accepts attacker-controlled filenames without restricting shell metacharacters. An automated process later constructs and runs a system command using the uploaded file's name, allowing an authenticated attacker to embed and execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of that process. This allows an attacker to read and modify ingested log data, and could provide a foothold for further movement within the internal network.

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that .projen/tasks.json is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository.

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus Software allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Pardus Software: before 1.0.5.

Puppet Enterprise versions 2023.8.0 through 2023.8.10 and 2025.0.0 through 2025.11.2 contain a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78). An authenticated user with Puppet administrative privileges can inject arbitrary shell commands due to insufficient sanitization of input passed to a shell execution context. Exploitation allows execution of commands with root privileges, potentially leading to full system compromise. The issue is resolved in Puppet Enterprise 2023.8.11 and 2025.11.3.

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus Boot Repair allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Pardus Boot Repair: before 1.0.8.

An OS command injection vulnerability in the TDDP module of Deco BE11000 and Deco M9 Plus allows an adjacent network attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges by sending a crafted UDP packet. Successful exploitation may lead to complete device compromise, including unauthorized command execution, modification of device settings, and loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability

IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.5 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an incomplete denylist in the security scanner.

IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.5 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper validation of command-line arguments in the MCP stdio server configuration.