Casdoor is an open-source identity and access management platform that provides authentication and authorization services for web applications. Version 2.95.0 of Casdoor has been identified as vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), a web security flaw where an attacker tricks an authenticated user into submitting a forged HTTP request. This can lead to unauthorized actions such as changing user settings, modifying permissions, or other sensitive operations that the user is authorized to perform. The vulnerability arises because Casdoor does not adequately verify the origin or authenticity of state-changing requests, lacking proper anti-CSRF protections like tokens or origin checks. Exploitation typically involves an attacker crafting a malicious webpage or email that causes the victim's browser to send unintended requests to the Casdoor server while the victim is logged in. Although no public exploits or patches are currently documented, the presence of this vulnerability indicates a risk of unauthorized account manipulation or privilege escalation. The medium severity rating reflects the moderate impact and the requirement that the victim must be authenticated and visit a malicious resource. This vulnerability affects the confidentiality and integrity of user data and system configurations but does not directly impact availability. Given Casdoor's role in authentication, exploitation could undermine trust in protected applications and services.

For European organizations, this CSRF vulnerability in Casdoor 2.95.0 could lead to unauthorized changes in user accounts, roles, or permissions, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges or access sensitive data. This undermines the confidentiality and integrity of identity management systems, which are critical for secure access control. Organizations relying on Casdoor for single sign-on or identity federation may face increased risk of account compromise or unauthorized access to connected applications. The impact is particularly significant for sectors with strict data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government services, where identity integrity is paramount. While no known exploits exist yet, the ease of exploitation through social engineering or malicious websites means attackers could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security controls. This could result in data breaches, compliance violations (e.g., GDPR), and reputational damage. The vulnerability does not directly affect system availability but can indirectly disrupt operations by compromising user trust and access.

European organizations should implement several specific mitigations to reduce risk from this CSRF vulnerability in Casdoor 2.95.0. First, apply strict anti-CSRF protections by ensuring all state-changing requests include unique, unpredictable CSRF tokens validated on the server side. If the current version lacks this, consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with CSRF detection rules as an interim measure. Enforce same-site cookie attributes (SameSite=Lax or Strict) to limit cookie transmission in cross-site contexts. Validate the Origin and Referer headers for sensitive requests to confirm they originate from trusted sources. Limit the lifetime and scope of authentication cookies to reduce exposure. Monitor logs for unusual or unexpected state-changing requests. Educate users about the risks of visiting untrusted websites while authenticated. Finally, track Casdoor updates and apply patches promptly once available, and consider upgrading to a version confirmed to have fixed this vulnerability. For critical environments, consider isolating Casdoor services behind additional authentication layers or network segmentation.