CVE-2022-45997 is a high-severity buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda W20E router firmware version 16.01.0.6(3392). Buffer overflow vulnerabilities (classified under CWE-120) occur when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold, potentially allowing an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system compromise. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network (Attack Vector: Network) and requires high privileges (PR:H), meaning an attacker must have some level of authenticated access to the device to exploit it. No user interaction is needed (UI:N), and the scope is unchanged (S:U), indicating the impact is confined to the vulnerable component. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.2, reflecting high severity with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). Although no public exploits are currently known, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the critical nature of router devices in network infrastructure. The lack of vendor or product details beyond the Tenda W20E model limits the scope of affected devices but confirms the vulnerability affects a widely used consumer-grade wireless router. The absence of published patches or mitigation guidance from the vendor increases the urgency for affected users to take protective measures.

For European organizations, the exploitation of this buffer overflow in Tenda W20E routers could lead to severe consequences. Compromise of these routers may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially gaining control over network traffic, intercepting sensitive data, or disrupting network availability. This is particularly concerning for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and home offices that rely on consumer-grade routers like the Tenda W20E. The integrity and confidentiality of internal communications could be jeopardized, leading to data breaches or lateral movement within corporate networks. Additionally, availability impacts could disrupt business operations. Since the vulnerability requires authenticated access, insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate exploitation. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, as attackers may develop exploits given the public disclosure. The absence of vendor patches means organizations must rely on alternative mitigations to protect their networks.

Restrict administrative access to the Tenda W20E router interfaces by limiting management to trusted IP addresses and using strong, unique passwords to reduce the risk of credential compromise. Disable remote management features if not required, to minimize exposure to network-based attacks. Segment networks to isolate vulnerable routers from critical infrastructure and sensitive data systems, limiting potential lateral movement if compromised. Monitor network traffic for unusual patterns or signs of exploitation attempts targeting the router, including unexpected reboots or crashes indicative of buffer overflow exploitation. Where possible, replace Tenda W20E routers with models from vendors that provide timely security updates and patches, especially in environments with higher security requirements. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for router management interfaces if supported to add an additional layer of security. Regularly audit and update router firmware, and stay informed about vendor advisories for any forthcoming patches addressing this vulnerability.