CVE-2024-4941 is a path traversal vulnerability classified under CWE-22 found in the gradio-app/gradio project, specifically in version 4.25. The vulnerability arises from improper input validation in the postprocess() function located in gradio/components/json_component.py. This function parses user-supplied JSON data, and if the JSON object contains a 'path' key, the associated file is moved to a temporary directory by the processing_utils.move_files_to_cache() function. This function recursively traverses any object passed to it, searching for dictionaries with a 'path' key and copying the referenced files to a cache directory. An attacker can exploit this behavior by submitting crafted JSON input that references arbitrary files on the server's filesystem. Once moved, these files become accessible through the /file=.. endpoint, allowing the attacker to retrieve sensitive files remotely without authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.0 base score of 7.5, reflecting its high impact on confidentiality with no impact on integrity or availability. The attack vector is network-based with low complexity and no privileges required, making exploitation feasible in exposed deployments. No patches or public exploits are currently reported, but the flaw represents a significant risk for unauthorized data disclosure in environments running vulnerable versions of gradio-app.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2024-4941 is the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive files, which can include configuration files, credentials, intellectual property, or personal data protected under GDPR. This breach of confidentiality can lead to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and further exploitation by adversaries leveraging stolen information. Organizations using gradio-app in AI/ML workflows, research institutions, and companies integrating AI interfaces are particularly at risk. Since the vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, any exposed gradio-app instance on a network accessible to attackers is vulnerable. The ability to read arbitrary files remotely can facilitate lateral movement, privilege escalation, or data exfiltration campaigns. Given the growing adoption of AI tools in Europe, the threat could affect sectors such as finance, healthcare, and technology development hubs. The lack of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread exploitation occurs.

To mitigate CVE-2024-4941, organizations should first verify if they are running vulnerable versions of gradio-app and apply any available patches or updates from the vendor promptly once released. In the absence of patches, restrict network access to gradio-app instances using firewalls or network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted users only. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on JSON inputs, particularly disallowing or safely handling 'path' keys to prevent arbitrary file references. Disable or restrict the /file=.. endpoint if possible, or require strong authentication and authorization controls before allowing file retrieval. Monitor logs for unusual access patterns or requests containing suspicious JSON payloads referencing filesystem paths. Employ host-based intrusion detection to alert on unexpected file movements or access to sensitive directories. Additionally, conduct regular security assessments and code reviews of AI/ML tools integrated into production environments to identify similar vulnerabilities proactively.