CVE-2025-0932 is a Use After Free (UAF) vulnerability identified in the Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver, as well as the Valhall GPU Userspace Driver and the Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver. These drivers are responsible for managing GPU operations on systems using Arm's GPU architectures. The vulnerability allows a non-privileged user process to exploit GPU processing operations—such as those initiated via WebGL or WebGPU—to access memory that has already been freed. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or potentially enable further exploitation such as code execution or privilege escalation. The affected versions span multiple releases: Bifrost GPU Userspace Driver versions from r48p0 through r49p3 and r50p0 through r51p0; Valhall GPU Userspace Driver versions from r48p0 through r49p3 and r50p0 through r54p0; and Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Userspace Driver versions from r48p0 through r49p3 and r50p0 through r54p0. The vulnerability arises due to improper memory management in the userspace driver, where freed memory is not properly invalidated or protected, allowing subsequent GPU operations to reference stale pointers. Exploitation does not require privileged access but does require the ability to execute GPU workloads, which can be done through common browser APIs like WebGL or WebGPU, increasing the attack surface. No public exploits are known at this time, and no CVSS score has been assigned yet. However, the nature of the vulnerability and the affected components indicate a significant risk, especially in environments where GPU acceleration is used for rendering or compute tasks in multi-user or sandboxed contexts.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-0932 could be substantial, particularly for those relying on Arm-based hardware platforms that utilize the affected GPU drivers. This includes mobile device manufacturers, embedded systems, and increasingly, servers and edge computing devices using Arm architectures. The vulnerability could lead to unauthorized data disclosure if attackers access sensitive information residing in freed memory regions. Additionally, it could be leveraged as a stepping stone for privilege escalation or code execution within user processes, undermining system integrity and confidentiality. Organizations deploying web applications or services that rely on WebGL or WebGPU for graphics or compute tasks are at heightened risk, as attackers could exploit this vulnerability remotely via browsers. This is particularly relevant for sectors such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure in Europe, where data confidentiality and system integrity are paramount. The lack of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability details become widely known. The vulnerability also poses risks to cloud service providers and enterprises using Arm-based virtualized environments, where multi-tenant isolation could be compromised.

To mitigate CVE-2025-0932, European organizations should prioritize the following actions: 1) Monitor Arm Ltd's official channels for patches or updated driver releases addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 2) Restrict or disable WebGL and WebGPU capabilities in browsers and applications where GPU acceleration is not essential, especially in high-security environments or on systems exposed to untrusted users. 3) Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the ability of untrusted processes to execute GPU workloads. 4) Implement strict access controls and user privilege management to minimize the number of processes capable of invoking GPU operations. 5) Conduct thorough security assessments and penetration testing focusing on GPU driver interactions and memory management in affected systems. 6) For organizations deploying Arm-based devices at scale, consider network segmentation and monitoring for anomalous GPU usage patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. 7) Engage with hardware and software vendors to ensure timely updates and verify that mitigations are effective. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on controlling GPU workload execution vectors and minimizing exposure to untrusted code paths that could exploit the vulnerability.