CVE-2025-12741 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) found in Google Cloud Looker, specifically impacting self-hosted instances. The flaw allows a user assigned the Developer role to create a database connection using the Denodo driver and manipulate LookML code to execute arbitrary malicious commands on the underlying system. This occurs due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input within LookML configurations, enabling command injection. The vulnerability affects both Looker-hosted and self-hosted deployments; however, Google has already mitigated the issue in Looker-hosted environments, requiring no action from users. Self-hosted instances remain vulnerable unless upgraded to patched versions starting from 24.12.108 and later releases. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), partial privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No public exploits have been reported yet, but the potential for severe damage exists if exploited, including unauthorized command execution, data compromise, and system disruption.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those operating self-hosted Looker instances for business intelligence and data analytics. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, resulting in data breaches, loss of data integrity, and potential service outages. Given Looker's role in handling sensitive business data, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to access confidential information or disrupt critical analytics workflows. The impact is heightened in sectors with strict data protection regulations such as GDPR, where data breaches can lead to substantial fines and reputational damage. Additionally, compromised analytics platforms could be used as pivot points for further network intrusion, increasing the overall threat landscape for affected organizations.

European organizations using self-hosted Looker must urgently upgrade to the patched versions listed (24.12.108+, 24.18.200+, 25.0.78+, 25.6.65+, 25.8.47+, 25.12.10+, 25.14+). Beyond patching, restrict Developer role assignments strictly to trusted personnel and regularly audit role permissions to minimize risk exposure. Implement network segmentation to isolate Looker instances from critical infrastructure and monitor LookML changes for unusual or unauthorized modifications. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or web application firewalls (WAF) capable of detecting command injection patterns. Conduct regular security training for developers and administrators on secure LookML practices. Finally, maintain comprehensive logging and alerting to detect suspicious activities promptly.