CVE-2025-15160 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability exists in an unspecified function handling the /goform/PPTPServer endpoint, specifically due to unsafe processing of the 'ip1' argument. When an attacker sends a specially crafted request to this endpoint, it causes a stack overflow, which can overwrite critical memory regions. This flaw can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring user interaction, but it does require authenticated access, indicating that the attacker must have some level of credentials or access to the device's management interface. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.6, reflecting high severity due to its network attack vector, low attack complexity, no user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit details increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on the router, potentially gaining control over the device, intercepting or manipulating network traffic, or disrupting network services. Given the role of routers as critical network infrastructure, exploitation could have cascading effects on connected systems and data security. The lack of an official patch at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate risk mitigation through network controls and monitoring.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to network security and operational continuity. Compromise of Tenda WH450 routers could lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, interception of sensitive communications, and disruption of business-critical services. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, where data confidentiality and service availability are paramount. The ability to execute arbitrary code on routers can facilitate lateral movement within networks, enabling attackers to escalate privileges and access sensitive systems. Additionally, compromised routers can be leveraged as footholds for launching further attacks or as part of botnets for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) campaigns. The requirement for authentication limits the attack surface somewhat but does not eliminate risk, especially if default or weak credentials are used. The public disclosure of exploit details increases the urgency for European organizations to assess their exposure and implement mitigations promptly.

1. Immediate assessment of network environments to identify Tenda WH450 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.18. 2. Restrict access to router management interfaces to trusted networks and IP addresses only, preferably via VPN or secure management VLANs. 3. Enforce strong, unique passwords and disable default credentials on all affected devices. 4. Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical systems and sensitive data. 5. Monitor network traffic for unusual requests targeting the /goform/PPTPServer endpoint or anomalous patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Apply any available firmware updates or patches from Tenda as soon as they are released. 7. If patches are not yet available, consider temporary device replacement or disabling vulnerable services if feasible. 8. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on network infrastructure devices. 9. Educate IT staff about the vulnerability and signs of exploitation to ensure rapid detection and response. 10. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans tailored to network device compromise scenarios.