CVE-2025-23366 identifies a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the HAL Console component of Wildfly, an open-source Java EE application server widely used for enterprise applications. The flaw stems from improper or missing neutralization of user-supplied input before it is embedded in dynamically generated web pages. This improper sanitization allows an authenticated attacker with membership in privileged management groups—namely SuperUser, Admin, or Maintainer—to inject malicious scripts that execute in the browsers of other users accessing the console. The vulnerability does not require user interaction beyond authentication but does require high privileges, limiting the attacker scope to insiders or compromised accounts with elevated rights. Successful exploitation can lead to theft of sensitive session tokens, unauthorized actions performed on behalf of other users, or disclosure of confidential information, impacting confidentiality and integrity. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.5, indicating medium severity, with network attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction, and high confidentiality and integrity impact but no availability impact. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the presence of this vulnerability in administrative interfaces makes it a significant risk if left unpatched. The affected versions are not explicitly detailed, but organizations using Wildfly’s HAL Console should verify their versions and apply updates once available.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-23366 can be significant, especially in sectors relying heavily on Java EE application servers such as finance, government, telecommunications, and critical infrastructure. The vulnerability enables attackers with privileged access to execute malicious scripts that can compromise session integrity and confidentiality, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive management functions or data leakage. This can result in regulatory compliance violations under GDPR due to unauthorized disclosure of personal or sensitive data. The attack requires high privileges, so the main risk vector is insider threats or compromised privileged accounts, which are common concerns in enterprise environments. Exploitation could facilitate lateral movement within networks or persistent footholds in administrative consoles, increasing the risk of further compromise. Given the widespread use of Wildfly in European enterprises and public sector organizations, the vulnerability poses a moderate but targeted threat that could disrupt administrative operations and erode trust in application management security.

To mitigate CVE-2025-23366, European organizations should: 1) Immediately audit and restrict membership of management groups (SuperUser, Admin, Maintainer) to the minimum necessary personnel to reduce the attack surface. 2) Apply official patches or updates from Wildfly or Red Hat as soon as they become available to ensure proper input neutralization in the HAL Console. 3) Implement strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all privileged accounts to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 4) Monitor and log administrative console access and anomalous activities to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 5) Conduct regular security training for administrators to recognize phishing or social engineering attempts that could lead to privilege escalation. 6) Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious script injection attempts targeting the HAL Console. 7) Isolate management interfaces from general user networks and restrict access via network segmentation and VPNs to trusted administrators only. These measures collectively reduce the likelihood and impact of exploitation beyond generic patching advice.