CVE-2025-47437 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in LiteSpeed Technologies' LiteSpeed Cache product, affecting versions up to and including 7.0.1. SSRF vulnerabilities occur when an attacker can manipulate a server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary domains or internal systems that the attacker cannot directly access. In this case, the vulnerability allows an authenticated user with low privileges (PR:L) to induce the server to send crafted requests to internal or external resources without requiring user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 6.4, indicating a medium severity level. The vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), scope changed (S:C), and impacts on confidentiality (C:L) and integrity (I:L) but no impact on availability (A:N). The SSRF could be exploited to access sensitive internal services or metadata endpoints, potentially leaking confidential information or enabling further attacks such as internal port scanning or pivoting within the network. The scope change (S:C) suggests that the vulnerability affects resources beyond the initially vulnerable component, possibly impacting other systems or services accessible from the server. No known exploits are reported in the wild yet, and no patches have been linked at the time of publication, indicating that organizations using affected versions should prioritize mitigation and monitoring. The vulnerability requires authentication but no user interaction, which means attackers need some level of access but can automate exploitation once authenticated.

For European organizations, the impact of this SSRF vulnerability in LiteSpeed Cache can be significant, especially for those relying on LiteSpeed web servers and caching solutions to optimize web application performance. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal network resources, including databases, internal APIs, or cloud metadata services, potentially exposing sensitive data such as credentials, configuration files, or customer information. This could result in data breaches, intellectual property theft, or facilitate lateral movement by attackers within corporate networks. Given the medium severity and the requirement for authentication, the risk is elevated in environments where user credentials are weak, reused, or compromised. Additionally, organizations in regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, or critical infrastructure in Europe may face compliance violations and reputational damage if such vulnerabilities are exploited. The scope change indicates that the vulnerability could affect multiple systems, increasing the potential attack surface and complicating incident response efforts.

To mitigate this SSRF vulnerability effectively, European organizations should: 1) Immediately identify and inventory all instances of LiteSpeed Cache in their environments, including version numbers, to assess exposure. 2) Apply any available patches or updates from LiteSpeed Technologies as soon as they are released. In the absence of patches, consider temporary workarounds such as disabling or restricting the vulnerable features or modules responsible for SSRF. 3) Implement strict network segmentation and firewall rules to limit the server's ability to make outbound requests to internal or sensitive network segments, reducing the impact of SSRF exploitation. 4) Enforce strong authentication and access controls to minimize the risk of credential compromise, including multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users with access to the affected systems. 5) Monitor server logs and network traffic for unusual outbound requests or patterns indicative of SSRF attempts, using intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) and security information and event management (SIEM) tools. 6) Conduct security awareness training to ensure that administrators and developers understand the risks associated with SSRF and follow secure coding and configuration practices. 7) Review and harden web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SSRF attack patterns targeting LiteSpeed Cache endpoints.