CVE-2025-53725 is a vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0) involving a type confusion error (CWE-843) within the Windows Push Notifications service. Type confusion occurs when a program accesses a resource using an incorrect or incompatible data type, which can lead to unexpected behavior or memory corruption. In this case, the flaw allows an attacker who already has some level of authorized local access (low privileges) to exploit the improper handling of resource types to escalate their privileges to a higher level, potentially SYSTEM or administrator. The vulnerability does not require user interaction (UI:N) and has a low attack complexity (AC:L), meaning it can be exploited reliably by a local attacker without complex conditions. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), indicating the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other components or systems. No known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date (August 12, 2025), and no official patches or mitigations have been linked yet. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because Windows Push Notifications is a core component that interacts with system processes, and a successful exploit could allow attackers to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. Organizations still running Windows 10 Version 1809, which reached end of support in the past, are at risk if they have not upgraded or applied backported security updates.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53725 can be significant, especially in sectors relying on legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems such as manufacturing, healthcare, and government agencies where system upgrades may be delayed due to operational constraints. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to gain administrative privileges locally, enabling them to install malware, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt critical services. This could lead to breaches of personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means that critical infrastructure and sensitive business operations could be compromised. Additionally, the lack of user interaction requirement facilitates automated or stealthy attacks by insiders or malware that has gained initial foothold. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a likely target for attackers seeking privilege escalation on unpatched systems. European organizations with strict compliance requirements and high-value assets must consider this vulnerability a priority risk.

Given the absence of an official patch link, European organizations should take immediate steps to mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-53725. First, they should inventory and identify all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 and prioritize their upgrade to a supported Windows version that receives security updates. Where upgrades are not immediately feasible, organizations should apply any available security updates or workarounds provided by Microsoft as soon as they become available. Implement strict access controls to limit local user privileges and restrict the ability to execute untrusted code or scripts. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious activities related to privilege escalation attempts. Regularly audit and monitor logs for unusual behavior in the Windows Push Notifications service or related components. Network segmentation can help contain potential compromises. Additionally, educate IT staff and users about the risks of local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and enforce the principle of least privilege to reduce the attack surface. Finally, maintain close communication with Microsoft security advisories to promptly apply patches once released.