CVE-2025-64511 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability classified under CWE-918, found in the open-source enterprise AI assistant MaxKB developed by 1Panel-dev. The vulnerability exists in versions prior to 2.3.1, where the application allows users with low privileges to execute Python code within a sandboxed environment in the tool module. Despite sandboxing, the SSRF flaw permits attackers to craft requests that reach internal network services, such as databases or other sensitive endpoints, which are normally inaccessible from outside the network. This occurs because the sandbox does not sufficiently restrict network access or validate outbound requests, enabling attackers to pivot into internal infrastructure. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.4, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction, and a scope change with partial impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The flaw can lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or service disruption. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the risk is significant given the potential for lateral movement and internal reconnaissance. Version 2.3.1 of MaxKB addresses this issue by improving sandbox restrictions and network request validation. Organizations using affected versions should apply this update promptly to prevent exploitation.

For European organizations, this SSRF vulnerability poses a substantial risk to internal network security, especially for enterprises relying on MaxKB for AI-assisted operations involving sensitive data or critical infrastructure. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal databases, leakage of confidential information, data integrity compromise, and potential service outages. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies where data confidentiality and service availability are paramount. The ability to perform SSRF with low privileges and no user interaction increases the likelihood of automated attacks or insider threats exploiting this vulnerability. Additionally, the scope change indicated in the CVSS vector suggests that the vulnerability can affect components beyond the initially compromised system, amplifying the potential damage. Given the interconnected nature of enterprise networks in Europe, a successful attack could cascade, affecting multiple systems and services.

Beyond applying the official patch to upgrade MaxKB to version 2.3.1 or later, European organizations should implement several targeted mitigations: 1) Enforce strict network segmentation to isolate internal services and databases from application servers running MaxKB, limiting SSRF attack surface. 2) Deploy egress filtering and outbound request whitelisting on servers hosting MaxKB to prevent unauthorized internal network requests. 3) Monitor and log all outbound requests from MaxKB instances for unusual or unexpected destinations to detect potential exploitation attempts. 4) Conduct regular code audits and sandbox environment reviews to ensure no bypasses exist in custom or third-party modules. 5) Restrict user privileges further to minimize the number of users able to execute code within MaxKB’s tool module. 6) Implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) tuned to detect SSRF patterns and anomalous internal network traffic. 7) Educate security teams about this vulnerability and encourage proactive threat hunting for SSRF indicators in enterprise environments.