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### Summary A flaw in the external identity provider handler allows unauthorized account linking to occur under specific administrative configurations. When auto-linking by email is enabled, ZITADEL checks that the local user's email is verified, but does not explicitly cross-check whether the incoming external identity provider (IdP) also verified that email address upstream. ### Impact When a user logs in via an external identity provider, the system can automatically link them to an existing local account if their email addresses match. However, because the system fails to check if the external provider actually verified ownership of that email, a security risk is introduced if a loose or public provider is connected. If an administrator enables email auto-linking for an external identity provider that allows anyone to sign up with an unverified email address, an attacker can exploit this behavior. By registering an account on that permissive provider using a victim's email address and logging in, the system will automatically link the attacker's federated identity to the victim's legitimate local account. This allows the attacker to log into the victim's account without requiring any interaction or confirmation from the victim. This issue represents a configuration-dependent anomaly rather than an unconditioned attack vector. Because the scenario relies entirely on an explicit administrative choice to trust a permissive external directory and link accounts automatically based purely on email strings, the practical operational risk is classified as **Medium**. ### Affected Versions Systems running one of the following versions are affected: * **4.x:** `4.0.0` through `4.15.2` (including RC versions) * **3.x:** `3.0.0` through `3.4.12` (including RC versions) ### Patches The vulnerability has been addressed in the latest releases. The patch resolves the issue by requiring that the external identity provider's email verification status is explicitly validated before allowing any automatic linking logic to proceed. * **4.x**: Upgrade to $\ge$ [4.15.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.15.3) * **3.x**: Upgrade to $\ge$ [4.15.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.15.3) ### Workarounds If an immediate upgrade is not possible, implement one of the following mitigations: * Disable auto-linking by email entirely by setting the option to `AUTO_LINKING_OPTION_UNSPECIFIED` on corresponding identity providers. * Audit external IdP configurations and restrict email auto-linking strictly to trusted enterprise identity directories (e.g., corporate Okta or Azure AD) where email verification is strictly enforced and managed by corporate policy. ### Questions If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com) ### Credits Thanks to [Android-Login-Analysis](https://github.com/Android-Login-Analysis) and [Alejandro Yadlin](https://github.com/ayadlin) for reporting this vulnerability.

## Summary Mockoon's admin API ([`commons-server/src/libs/server/admin-api.ts`](https://github.com/mockoon/mockoon/blob/4375a8f/packages/commons-server/src/libs/server/admin-api.ts)) is mounted on the same Express listener as the user-defined mock routes, **enabled by default** in every shipped runtime (commons-server, CLI, serverless), serves **`Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` on every endpoint with all HTTP methods allowed including PUT/POST/PATCH/DELETE/PURGE and `Content-Type` in `Access-Control-Allow-Headers`**, and has **zero authentication of any kind** (no token, no shared secret, no `MOCKOON_ADMIN_TOKEN` env var — searched the repo, returns zero hits). Any unauthenticated caller who can reach the mock server's port (default `0.0.0.0:3000`) can: - Read every `MOCKOON_*` env var used by the operator as secret material in templates (`getEnvVar` helper). - **Write arbitrary process env vars (no prefix check on the WRITE path)** — poison operator's `MOCKOON_API_KEY`, `MOCKOON_JWT_SECRET`, …, or write process-level vars like `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` that the surrounding runtime consumes. - **Rewrite every mock route's body / status / headers in-runtime** via `PUT /mockoon-admin/environment` — downstream consumers (frontend dev-server, CI test suite, integration partner) receive attacker-controlled responses and headers including `Set-Cookie`, `Location`, `Content-Security-Policy`, etc. - Read transaction logs / SSE stream (consumer's request bodies + auth headers in clear). - Read/write global template vars; purge state / data buckets / logs. Because of the wildcard CORS reply, the attack **also lands cross-origin from a browser**: a developer who runs `mockoon-cli start ...` locally and visits a malicious website gets their mock state hijacked. --- ## Details ### Root cause `packages/commons-server/src/libs/server/server.ts:127`: ```ts private options: ServerOptions = { ..., enableAdminApi: true, // ← default on }; ``` `packages/cli/src/commands/start.ts:200`: ```ts enableAdminApi: !userFlags['disable-admin-api'], // default true unless --disable-admin-api passed ``` `packages/serverless/src/libs/serverless.ts:21`: ```ts enableAdminApi: true, // ← default on, no flag to disable in the constructor ``` `packages/commons-server/src/libs/server/admin-api.ts:63-74` (permissive CORS on every admin endpoint): ```ts app.use(`${adminApiPrefix}*`, (req, res, next) => { res.setHeaders( new Headers({ 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE,HEAD,OPTIONS', 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Content-Type, Origin, Accept, Authorization, Content-Length, X-Requested-With' }) ); next(); }); ``` `packages/commons-server/src/libs/server/admin-api.ts:151-166` (no auth, no prefix check on WRITE): ```ts const setEnvVarHandler = (req, res) => { try { const { key, value } = req.body; if (key !== undefined && value !== undefined) { process.env[key] = value; // ← any process env, any value res.send({ message: `Environment variable '${key}' has been set to '${value}'` }); } else { throw new Error('Key or value missing from request'); } } catch (_error) { res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid request' }); } }; ``` `packages/commons-server/src/libs/server/admin-api.ts:373-393` (the most impactful — runtime mock rewrite): ```ts app.put(`${adminApiPrefix}/environment`, (req, res) => { try { const environment: Environment = EnvironmentSchema.validate(req.body).value; if (!environment) { res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid environment format' }); return; } updateEnvironment(environment); // ← runtime mutation of every route response res.send({ message: 'Environment updated' }); } catch (_error) { res.status(400).send({ message: 'Invalid environment format' }); } }); ``` Default `hostname: ''` (`packages/commons/src/constants/environment-schema.constants.ts:33`) → Node binds `0.0.0.0`/`::` (confirmed via `lsof`). Migration #16 (`packages/commons/src/libs/migrations.ts:343`) also forces missing hostnames to `'0.0.0.0'`. --- ## PoC ### Live reproduction (2026-05-11, `@mockoon/cli@9.6.1`) `npm install @mockoon/cli@9.6.1`. Minimal `env.json` with one route `GET /users/:id` whose response templates `{{getEnvVar 'MOCKOON_API_KEY'}}`. Start with: ``` MOCKOON_API_KEY="sk-operator-real-secret-DO_NOT_LEAK_xyz789" \ mockoon-cli start --data env.json --port 3100 --repair --disable-log-to-file ``` Bind confirmed via `lsof`: ``` COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE ... NAME node 39906 ... 14u IPv6 ... TCP *:3100 (LISTEN) <-- all interfaces ``` Baseline mock response: ``` $ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:3100/users/42 {"id":"42","name":"BENIGN_ALICE","role":"user","apiKey":"sk-operator-real-secret-DO_NOT_LEAK_xyz789"} ``` #### 1) Read operator secret unauth

### Summary A token lifecycle validation vulnerability was discovered in ZITADEL's external JWT Identity Provider (IdP) implementation Specifically, within the validation pipeline, if an incoming JWT omits the `exp` claim entirely, the expiration block is silently skipped rather than rejected. The token is treated as valid forever. Per the OIDC Core 1.0 specification, identity token validation pipelines must strictly handle and enforce session expiration. ZITADEL's silent acceptance of tokens missing these temporal constraints compromises session integrity. ### Impact An attacker in possession of a token lacking an `exp` claim holds a permanent credential with no automatic expiration or revocation window. ### Affected Versions Systems running one of the following versions are affected: * **4.x**: `4.0.0` through `4.15.1` (including RC versions) * **3.x**: `3.0.0` through `3.4.11` (including RC versions) ### Patches The vulnerability has been addressed in the latest releases. ZITADEL now explicitly rejects tokens that lack an `exp` claim. * **4.x**: Upgrade to $\ge$ [4.15.2](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.15.2) * **3.x**: Upgrade to $\ge$ [3.4.12](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.12) ### Workarounds The recommended solution is to update ZITADEL to a patched version. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, ensure at the upstream Identity Provider level that an external IdP explicitly includes the `exp` claim in all signed JWTs. ### Publication Note This issue was originally disclosed as part of a unified security bulletin published under [GHSA-wxg7-w2v3-w38g](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-wxg7-w2v3-w38g). To satisfy CVE Numbering Authority regulations regarding independently fixable logic flaws, the missing token expiration validation (`exp`) has been moved into this separate tracking entry so a distinct CVE ID can be correctly mapped to it. ### Questions If there are any questions or comments about this advisory, send an email to [security@zitadel.com](mailto:security@zitadel.com) ### Credits ZITADEL thanks [Android-Login-Analysis](https://github.com/Android-Login-Analysis), Jason Zhou and [Pedro Giglioti](https://github.com/Punisher100) for reporting this vulnerability.

## Summary Three Livewire admin components in `shopper/framework` (latest master at commit `fcd0c59`, released as v2.8.0) gate state-mutating actions on the read-only `view_users` permission. This is the same class as the issue Shopper fixed in v2.8.0 / PR #511 / [GHSA-f946-9qp6-vgch](https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/security/advisories/GHSA-f946-9qp6-vgch) — the PR moved most write actions from `view_users` to `access_setting`, but three were missed (one of them is a brand-new file added by the security commit itself). A staff user holding only `view_users` + `access_dashboard` (a realistic "support" or "viewer" role per Shopper's own `PermissionsTableSeeder`) can: (1) self-escalate by granting any permission to their own role; (2) create a brand-new admin team member with a chosen password and the `admin` role and then log in as that user; (3) delete arbitrary `permissions` rows (RBAC DoS) or — when `can_be_removed=true` — delete entire roles. CVSS 3.1: `AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` = 8.8 (High). CWE-285 (Improper Authorization) + CWE-862 (Missing Authorization). ## Vulnerable components (paths relative to repo root) ### 1) `packages/admin/src/Livewire/Components/Settings/Team/Permissions.php` - `togglePermission(int $id)` at line 28 calls `$this->authorize('view_users');` - `removePermission(int $id)` at line 55 calls `$this->authorize('view_users');` The Permissions blade at `packages/admin/resources/views/livewire/components/settings/team/permissions.blade.php` line 34 emits every permission's `id` directly in `wire:click` handlers, so the attacker does not even need to guess IDs — the page itself enumerates them. Net effect: any user who can mount the Permissions component (gated on `view_users`) can grant any permission row to the bound `$role`. Granting `access_setting` to the attacker's own role unlocks every action that PR #511 supposedly hardened with `->authorize('access_setting')`. Granting `delete_customers`, `edit_orders`, `edit_products`, `add_brands`, etc. is direct data-modification escalation. ### 2) `packages/admin/src/Livewire/SlideOvers/CreateTeamMember.php` - `mount()` at line 53 calls `$this->authorize('view_users');` - `store()` at line 122 calls `$this->authorize('view_users');` This file is `new file mode 100755` in commit `fcd0c59` — it was created as part of the security fix and inherited the same misclassified gate. `store()` creates a `User` with `email_verified_at = now()`, the attacker's chosen password, and any selected `role_id`. The `Radio::make('role_id')` options filter only excludes `config('shopper.admin.roles.user')`, so the `admin` role is selectable. Log out, log in as the new account → full admin. ### 3) `packages/admin/src/Livewire/Pages/Settings/Team/RolePermission.php` - `deleteAction` at lines 81-90: only gated by `->visible($this->role->can_be_removed)`, with no `->authorize()` chain. Page-level `mount` (line 52) requires only `view_users`. For any role with `can_be_removed = true`, a `view_users`-only user can call the action and delete the role (cascading the loss of permissions for every assigned user). ## Self-confirmation in the project's own test suite The following tests are green on master @ `fcd0c59` — they ARE the PoC: ``` tests/Admin/Livewire/Components/Settings/Team/PermissionsTest.php line 14-16: `givePermissionTo('view_users')` only line 36-45: "can toggle permission to role" — passes line 74-85: "can remove permission" — passes tests/Admin/Livewire/SlideOvers/CreateTeamMemberTest.php line 16-18: `givePermissionTo('view_users')` only line 29-56: "can create new team member" — passes, asserts the new user `hasRole('manager')` ``` A `view_users`-only Livewire user actor successfully toggles permissions, removes permissions, and creates a new privileged user — verified by Shopper's own regression tests. ## Suggested fix Change `$this->authorize('view_users')` to `$this->authorize('access_setting')` in: - `Permissions::togglePermission` - `Permissions::removePermission` - `Permissions::mount` (defence in depth, matches `Team\Index`) - `CreateTeamMember::mount` - `CreateTeamMember::store` Add `->authorize('access_setting')` to `RolePermission::deleteAction` (matches the pattern already applied to `generatePermissionsAction`, `createPermissionAction`, and `Team\Index::DeleteAction`). Update the two regression tests to use `access_setting` instead of `view_users` so they accurately reflect the privilege boundary. ## Resources - Prior advisory of the same class: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/security/advisories/GHSA-f946-9qp6-vgch - Fix commit that introduced these residual gaps: https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/commit/fcd0c5920588702df5b874f432b1042abd77a50b - CWE-285 Improper Authorization - CWE-862 Missing Authorization ### Credits Reported by Vishal Shukla(@shukla304) using sechub.dev AI Agent ### Support If this disclosure was useful and if users would like to support continued o

--- _-= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=-_ ## Source: amazon-inspector (cccb2aed2f968e146b433d2a2600f17104f0dcacfd951190771f8e59aee3a252) tailwind-form-kit@0.6.4 impersonates @tailwindcss/forms (package.json sets repository to https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss-forms) but src/index.js is a heavily obfuscated single-line loader (obfuscator.io string-array shape, all identifiers _0xNNNN). On require() — as would happen when the package is referenced from tailwind.config — the loader opens HTTP/HTTPS to Ethereum public RPCs (publicnode, drpc.org/eth, blockscout) and an Etherscan-like indexer at *stapi.io, queries a hardcoded sender address 0xa322E5f39aDC2490EfD311D3080e6f0121063e1a via eth_blockNumber / eth_getBlockByNumber / eth_getTransactionCount, extracts a base64/gzip/deflate/br-encoded payload from an x-payload-B64 header or transaction data, and invokes child_process.spawn('node',...) on the retrieved bytes. This is the EtherHiding fetch-and-exec pattern: the on-chain address acts as a mutable C2 pointer, and any developer or build machine that requires this package runs whatever code the attacker currently points it at. A CSS forms plugin has no legitimate reason to talk to Ethereum RPCs or spawn node on fetched bytes.

--- _-= Per source details. Do not edit below this line.=-_ ## Source: amazon-inspector (4c611131ac135f4608698ce56eebd7dc89623b591510a050f2059369c9d51bbf) Pymem-win is a near-verbatim copy of the legitimate upstream Pymem package (reusing its description, repository URL github.com/srounet/Pymem, and author identity Fabien Reboia <srounet@gmail.com>) republished under a confusable name. The top-level pymem/__init__.py contains a one-line loader that reverses a bytes literal, base64-decodes it, zlib-decompresses it, and passes the result to exec(). This runs unconditionally on `import pymem`, handing full in-process code execution to a payload deliberately hidden behind three stacked transforms. The multi-layer obfuscation around an exec target has no legitimate purpose in a library import path; combined with the typosquat cover story that reuses the upstream author's identity, the package's function on install/import is to run attacker-chosen code inside any process that imports it. ## Source: kam193 (82eb1f11c9b56a2f2c3e97530db43ef94784a2c75697223828403927b0528477) During import, the obfuscated code downloads and executes an executable. The remote executable did not exist during analysis, but the repository used to host it overlaps with previous campaign 2026-07-yt-api-dlp --- Category: MALICIOUS - The campaign has clearly malicious intent, like infostealers. Campaign: 2026-09-pymem-win Reasons (based on the campaign): - obfuscation - Downloads and executes a remote executable. - clones-real-package

Renovate is a dependency update automation tool. In versions before 44.3.1 (and Mend Renovate CE/EE images before 15.4.0, mend-renovate-ce Helm chart before 15.4.0, mend-renovate-enterprise-edition Helm chart before 10.4.0), digest updates are not subject to the internal `minimumReleaseAge` (stability age) checks. When a repository configures `minimumReleaseAge` and has dependencies with `updateType=digest` — for example GitHub Actions pinned to a commit SHA with a floating tag, Docker images, Go modules or NuGet packages — Renovate will still open a pull request for a newly published digest, marked only with a pending `renovate/stability-days` status check. A newly published, potentially malicious dependency version can therefore cause a PR to be raised and CI workflows to potentially run before the configured minimum release age has elapsed, which is precisely what the Minimum Release Age control is intended to prevent. The issue is fixed in Renovate 44.3.1; as a workaround, digest updates can be disabled or gated behind `dependencyDashboardApproval`.

Renovate, a dependency update tool, follows pagination links supplied by the GitHub server in the HTTP `Link` header when interacting with GitHub.com, GitHub Enterprise Cloud, or GitHub Enterprise Server, and sends the credentials configured for that host to the URL given as the 'next' page. Because the pagination URL is not validated against the host originally contacted, a malicious or compromised GitHub server can return a `Link` header pointing to an attacker-controlled host and cause Renovate to disclose those credentials to it. Exploitation requires that the GitHub server Renovate talks to (as the repository host or as a datasource such as github-releases, github-tags, or git-refs) is already malicious or compromised. The issue is fixed in renovate 44.11.3 (npm and renovate/renovate container images), Mend Renovate CE/EE images and the mend-renovate-ce helm chart 15.4.0, and the mend-renovate-enterprise-edition helm chart 10.4.0. There is no workaround; the pre-existing RENOVATE_X_REBASE_PAGINATION_LINKS option disables the new host check and should only be used with servers that intentionally use different pagination hosts.

Several functions in cstruct may use wrong data, leading to unexpected exceptions and return corrupted data. ## Impact - `Cstruct.filter_map` writes retained bytes at their original input positions, producing corrupted output when earlier bytes are dropped. - `Cstruct.tail ~rev:true` removes two bytes instead of one and raises an exception for single-byte views. - `Cstruct.cuts ~rev:true` may compare input against the wrong data, split at incorrect positions, and construct results using offsets outside the requested view. - `Cstruct.find` and `Cstruct.find_sub ~rev:true` may return slices from the wrong location when operating on non-zero-offset views. These are a set of logical indexing and bounds-calculation errors (CWE-682), and not direct memory-safety vulnerabilities. However, affected operations may return corrupted data, raise an unexpected exception, split input incorrectly, or return bytes outside the requested Cstruct view but still within its backing buffer. In security-sensitive parsers, this could cause validation bypasses, denial of service, or unintended disclosure of adjacent buffer contents. ## Workarounds Users unable to upgrade cstruct should backport the corresponding source changes. There is no configuration-based mitigation since these are buggy library calls. ## References Discovered via [Scrutineer](https://github.com/alpha-omega-security/scrutineer) and Deepseek GLM-5.3 Flash running locally. ## Timeline - 2026-09-04: reported via GitHub to ocaml/security-advisories repository - 2026-09-05: reported via email to security@ocaml.org - 2026-09-05: patch proposed and reviewed - 2026-09-05: release cstruct 6.3.0 - 2026-09-10: published advisory

Mantax Otax is an Android malware targeting devices running Android 9 and earlier. It combines ransomware and spyware capabilities, encrypting files with AES and appending .enc extensions. The malware requests extensive permissions, including device administrator and accessibility access, to steal sensitive data such as screen recordings, browser history, PINs, contacts, call logs, SMS, and chats from WhatsApp and Telegram. It communicates with command and control servers via HTTPS and WebSockets, using dynamic domain resolution through GitHub. Version 2 introduces advanced features like UI hijacking, screen blocking, touch input interception, harassment capabilities, and remote text-to-speech. Data exfiltration is facilitated through Firebase and Catbox services, enabling a double-extortion scheme with an interactive ransom chat portal.

Malware#toxicpanda#androidIndonesia

CVE-2026-81380 is a command injection vulnerability in Microsoft Visual Studio Code and GitHub Copilot. It arises from improper neutralization of special elements used in commands, allowing unauthorized attackers to disclose information over a network. The issue affects Visual Studio Code versions from 1.0.0 up to but not including 1.136.2. A fix is available in version 1.136.2. The vulnerability has a medium severity rating with a CVSS score of 5.3.

A vulnerability was detected in elenavanengelenmaslova mocknest-serverless 0.9.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file deployment/aws/shared/github-oidc-role.yaml of the component AWS GitHub OIDC Deployment Helper Script. Performing a manipulation results in improper privilege management. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The patch is named 6ab3147282d867c1993f995272750db091c2290b. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.

A security flaw has been discovered in java-json-tools jackson-coreutils 2.0. This vulnerability affects the function TreePointer.tokensFromInput of the file src/main/java/com/github/fge/jackson/jsonpointer/TreePointer.java of the component JSON Pointer parser. The manipulation results in allocation of resources. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

A vulnerability was found in java-json-tools jackson-coreutils 2.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function BigDecimal.toPlainString of the file src/main/java/com/github/fge/jackson/JacksonUtils.java. Performing a manipulation results in resource consumption. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

A medium-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-86317) exists in ggml-org llama.cpp up to version 0.4.0 affecting the RPC Server component. The flaw is in the rpc_server::deserialize_tensor function, where manipulation of the argument 'ne' can trigger an assertion failure. This vulnerability is remotely exploitable and impacts availability without affecting confidentiality or integrity. The related GitHub issue was closed due to inactivity, and no patch or official fix information is provided.

A vulnerability has been found in java-json-tools json-patch up to 1.13. Affected by this vulnerability is the function JsonPatch.apply of the file src/main/java/com/github/fge/jsonpatch/JsonPatch.java of the component Patch Operation Handler. The manipulation leads to resource consumption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

The Kimsuky threat group continues Operation GitPower campaigns utilizing malicious LNK files disguised as financial and business documents. Thirteen LNK variants collected between August 11-19, 2026, employ GitHub Personal Access Tokens (PAT) for command-and-control communications, delivering obfuscated PowerShell loaders through custom decoders. Notable evolution includes anti-analysis routines detecting virtualization tools, Pastebin as alternative C2 infrastructure, and diversified decoy formats (PDF, XLSX, PNG). Metadata analysis reveals AI-generated content using the 'opencode' AI coding agent and HeadlessChrome PDF conversion, with placeholder text remaining unreviewed. The group maintains persistence through hidden scheduled tasks masquerading as legitimate software (BitLocker, MATLAB), while hardcoded GitHub PATs enable raw content retrieval. Despite increased sophistication in evasion techniques and decoy production automation, endpoint behaviors remain detectable through behavioral correlation a...

An SQL injection vulnerability exists in Zhao-github APiAdmin version 5.0.1, specifically in the User.php component. This flaw allows a remote attacker to potentially obtain sensitive information from the affected system. No patch or remediation details are currently provided. There is no known public exploit or active exploitation reported. The vulnerability does not have an assigned CVSS score.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: remove fscache backend entirely EROFS over fscache was introduced to provide image lazy pulling functionality. After the feature landed, the fscache subsystem made netfs a new hard dependency, which is unexpected for a local filesystem and has an kernel-defined caching hierarchy which could be inflexible compared to the fanotify pre-content hooks. Therefore, this feature has been deprecated for almost two years. As EROFS file-backed mounts and fanotify pre-content hooks both upstream for a while and already providing equivalent functionality (erofs-utils has supported fanotify pre-content hooks), let's remove the fscache backend now. The main application of this feature is Nydus [1], and they plan to move to use fanotify pre-content hooks in the near future too. I hope this patch can be merged into Linux 7.2, which is also motivated by newly found implementation issues [2][3] that are not worth investigating given the deprecation and limited development resources. The associated fscache/cachefiles cleanup patch will follow separately through the vfs tree (netfs) later: it seems fine since the codebase is isolated by CONFIG_CACHEFILES_ONDEMAND. [1] https://github.com/dragonflyoss/nydus/blob/v2.1.0/docs/nydus-fscache.md [2] https://github.com/dragonflyoss/nydus/pull/1824 [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260619135800.1594811-1-michael.bommarito@gmail.com

Toy Ghouls, a financially motivated group targeting Russian organizations since 2025, has deployed custom backdoors for the first time. Two versions were identified: mqtt-bird-agent using HiveMQ MQTT broker and matrix-bird-agent using Element messenger as command and control infrastructure. The backdoors are delivered via Windows Remote Management (WinRM) using tools like Evil-WinRM and WinRM-fs. They establish persistence as Windows services, encrypt configuration files using ChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm, and execute commands via PowerShell or command line. The backdoors collect system metrics including CPU load, memory, and disk usage, and communicate with attackers through unconventional channels. This represents a significant evolution from their previous reliance on public GitHub tools and leaked ransomware builders to custom-developed malware.