CVE-2024-40502 identifies a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the Hospital Management System Project developed using ASP.Net MVC 1. The vulnerability exists specifically in the btn_login_b_Click function within the Loginpage.aspx page. This function likely processes user login credentials but fails to properly sanitize or parameterize SQL queries, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL commands. Because the vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication or user interaction, an attacker can directly send crafted requests to the login endpoint to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database. This can lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or even execution of arbitrary code on the server if the database or application environment permits such actions. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with the ease of exploitation (network vector, no privileges required, no user interaction). The affected software version is unspecified, complicating immediate patching efforts. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits are currently active in the wild. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-89, which corresponds to SQL Injection, a well-known and dangerous class of injection flaws. Given the critical nature of healthcare data and the operational importance of hospital management systems, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to affected organizations.

The impact of CVE-2024-40502 is severe for organizations using the affected Hospital Management System. Exploitation can lead to full compromise of the backend database, exposing sensitive patient records, personal health information (PHI), and other confidential data. Attackers could manipulate or delete critical data, disrupt hospital operations, or use the compromised system as a foothold for further network intrusion. The ability to execute arbitrary code remotely without authentication increases the risk of ransomware deployment or persistent backdoors. Such breaches can result in regulatory penalties, loss of patient trust, and significant financial and reputational damage. Healthcare organizations worldwide, especially those relying on this specific system, face heightened risk of targeted attacks due to the critical nature of their services and data.

Immediate mitigation steps include conducting a thorough code review of the btn_login_b_Click function and all SQL query handling in the login process to ensure proper input validation and use of parameterized queries or stored procedures. Implementing prepared statements with parameter binding will prevent SQL injection. Organizations should also monitor network traffic for suspicious login attempts and anomalous database queries. Deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules can provide a temporary protective layer. Since no official patches are available, organizations should consider isolating or restricting access to the affected system until a fix is released. Regular backups of critical data should be maintained to enable recovery in case of compromise. Additionally, applying the principle of least privilege to database accounts used by the application can limit the damage potential. Finally, organizations should stay alert for updates from the vendor or security community regarding patches or exploit reports.