CVE-2025-53055 is a vulnerability identified in Oracle's PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools, specifically affecting versions 8.60, 8.61, and 8.62. The flaw resides in the PIA Core Technology component and allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access over HTTP to compromise the system. Exploitation requires user interaction from a person other than the attacker, such as clicking a malicious link or performing an action that triggers the vulnerability. The vulnerability enables unauthorized read access to a subset of PeopleSoft data and unauthorized update, insert, or delete operations on accessible data, thereby compromising confidentiality and integrity. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required, scope changed (meaning the impact extends beyond the vulnerable component), and low confidentiality and integrity impacts with no availability impact. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read), suggesting improper validation of input or memory boundaries. Although no public exploits are known, the ease of exploitation combined with the potential for data manipulation makes this a significant concern. The scope change implies that other PeopleSoft products integrated with PeopleTools could be affected, increasing the potential impact surface. The vulnerability's reliance on user interaction means social engineering or phishing could be used as an attack vector. Given PeopleSoft's widespread use in enterprise resource planning (ERP) and human capital management (HCM) systems, successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data manipulation and disclosure, affecting business operations and compliance.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53055 is considerable due to the widespread use of Oracle PeopleSoft in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and manufacturing. Unauthorized data access and modification could lead to data breaches involving personal or sensitive information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Integrity compromises could disrupt business processes, payroll, procurement, or compliance reporting, causing operational delays and reputational damage. The requirement for user interaction means phishing campaigns targeting employees could be a likely exploitation vector, increasing risk in organizations with less mature security awareness programs. The scope change suggests that integrated PeopleSoft products beyond PeopleTools could be affected, potentially amplifying the impact across multiple business functions. The absence of availability impact reduces the risk of denial-of-service conditions but does not diminish the threat to data confidentiality and integrity. Organizations relying heavily on PeopleSoft for critical business functions are at heightened risk, especially those with remote or hybrid work environments where network access and user interaction vectors are more exposed.

1. Immediate application of Oracle patches or updates once available is critical; monitor Oracle security advisories for patch releases addressing CVE-2025-53055. 2. Implement strict network segmentation to restrict HTTP access to PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools servers, limiting exposure to untrusted networks. 3. Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing PeopleSoft systems to reduce the risk of unauthorized access. 4. Conduct targeted user awareness training focusing on phishing and social engineering tactics to reduce the likelihood of successful user interaction exploitation. 5. Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious HTTP requests targeting PeopleSoft endpoints. 6. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity related to PeopleSoft systems, including unauthorized data access or modification attempts. 7. Review and tighten PeopleSoft user permissions and roles to enforce least privilege principles, minimizing the potential damage from compromised accounts. 8. Consider implementing endpoint protection solutions that can detect and block exploitation attempts triggered by user interaction. 9. Regularly audit PeopleSoft configurations and integrations to identify and remediate potential security gaps that could be leveraged in scope change exploitation. 10. Establish incident response plans specific to PeopleSoft environments to quickly contain and remediate any exploitation attempts.