Nozomi Networks vulnerabilities and threats

The server certificate was not verified when an Arc agent connected to a Guardian or CMC. A malicious actor could perform a man-in-the-middle attack and intercept the communication between the Arc agent and the Guardian or CMC. This could result in theft of the client token and sensitive information (such as assets and alerts), impersonation of the server, or injection of spoofed data (such as false asset information or vulnerabilities) into the Guardian or CMC.

A Stored HTML Injection vulnerability was discovered in the CMC's Sensor Map functionality due to improper validation on connected Guardians' properties. A malicious authenticated user with administrator privileges on a Guardian connected to a CMC can edit the Guardian's properties to inject HTML tags. If the Sensor Map functionality is enabled in the CMC, when a victim CMC user interacts with it, then the injected HTML may render in their browser, enabling phishing and possibly open redirect attacks. Full XSS exploitation and direct information disclosure are prevented by the existing input validation and Content Security Policy configuration.

A Stored HTML Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Alerted Nodes Dashboard functionality due to improper validation on an input parameter. A malicious authenticated user with the required privileges could edit a node label to inject HTML tags. If the system is configured to use the Alerted Nodes Dashboard, and alerts are reported for the affected node, then the injected HTML may render in the browser of a victim user interacting with it, enabling phishing and possibly open redirect attacks. Full XSS exploitation and direct information disclosure are prevented by the existing input validation and Content Security Policy configuration.

A path traversal vulnerability was discovered in the Import Arc data archive functionality due to insufficient validation of the input file. An authenticated user with limited privileges, by uploading a specifically-crafted Arc data archive, can potentially write arbitrary files in arbitrary paths, altering the device configuration and/or affecting its availability.

A Stored HTML Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Asset List functionality due to improper validation of network traffic data. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted network packets to inject HTML tags into asset attributes. When a victim views the affected assets in the Asset List (and similar functions), the injected HTML renders in their browser, enabling phishing and possibly open redirect attacks. Full XSS exploitation and direct information disclosure are prevented by the existing input validation and Content Security Policy configuration.

A Stored Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability was discovered in the Reports functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with report privileges can define a malicious report containing a JavaScript payload, or a victim can be socially engineered to import a malicious report template. When the victim views or imports the report, the XSS executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to perform unauthorized actions as the victim, such as modify application data, disrupt application availability, and access limited sensitive information.

A Stored HTML Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Time Machine Snapshot Diff functionality due to improper validation of network traffic data. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted network packets at two different times to inject HTML tags into asset attributes across two snapshots. Exploitation requires a victim to use the Time Machine Snapshot Diff feature on those specific snapshots and perform specific GUI actions, at which point the injected HTML renders in their browser, enabling phishing and open redirect attacks. Full XSS exploitation is prevented by input validation and Content Security Policy. Attack complexity is high due to multiple required conditions.

A Stored Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability was discovered in the Dashboards functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated low-privilege user can craft a malicious dashboard containing a JavaScript payload and share it with victim users, or a victim can be socially engineered to import a malicious dashboard template. When the victim views or imports the dashboard, the XSS executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to perform unauthorized actions as the victim, such as modify application data, disrupt application availability, and access limited sensitive information.

A SQL Injection vulnerability was discovered in the CLI functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with limited privileges can execute arbitrary SELECT SQL statements on the DBMS used by the web application, potentially exposing unauthorized data.

A path traversal vulnerability was discovered in the Time Machine functionality due to missing validation of two input parameters. An authenticated user with limited privileges, by issuing a specifically-crafted request, can potentially alter the structure and content of files in the /data folder, and/or affect their availability.

A SQL Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Alert functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with limited privileges can execute arbitrary SELECT SQL statements on the DBMS used by the web application, potentially exposing unauthorized data.

A SQL Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Alert functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with limited privileges can execute arbitrary SQL statements on the DBMS used by the web application, potentially exposing unauthorized data, altering their structure and content, and/or affecting their availability.

A SQL Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Smart Polling functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with limited privileges can execute arbitrary SELECT SQL statements on the DBMS used by the web application, potentially exposing unauthorized data.

An access control vulnerability was discovered in the CLI functionality due to a specific access restriction not being properly enforced for users with limited privileges. An authenticated user with limited privileges can issue administrative CLI commands, altering the device configuration, and/or affecting its availability.

A client-side path traversal vulnerability was discovered in the web management interface front-end due to missing validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with limited privileges can craft a malicious URL which, if visited by an authenticated victim, leads to a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack.

An access control vulnerability was discovered in the Request Trace and Download Trace functionalities of CMC before 25.1.0 due to a specific access restriction not being properly enforced for users with limited privileges. An authenticated user with limited privileges can request and download trace files due to improper access restrictions, potentially exposing unauthorized network data.

A privilege escalation vulnerability may enable a service account to elevate its privileges. The sudo rules configured for a local service account were excessively permissive, potentially allowing administrative access if a malicious actor could execute arbitrary commands as that account. It is important to note that no such vector has been identified in this instance.

An OS command injection vulnerability within the update functionality may allow an authenticated administrator to execute unauthorized arbitrary OS commands. Users with administrative privileges may upload update packages to upgrade the versions of Nozomi Networks Guardian and CMC. While these updates are signed and their signatures are validated prior to installation, an improper signature validation check has been identified. This issue could potentially enable users to execute commands remotely on the appliance, thereby impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability.